名詞性從句易錯點例析

胡金瑩

名詞性從句是高中語法的一項重要內容，也是高考熱點之一。本文通過正誤對比的方式對名詞性從句的易錯點進行分析，希望對同學們有所幫助。

1.[誤] Bill was chosen as a representative to attend the meeting made him excited.

[正]That Bill was chosen as a represen-tative to attend the meeting made him excited.

[解析] that引導名詞性從句時，不作任何成分，沒有任何實際意義，只起連接詞的作用，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不能省略。

2. [誤] The problem is if we can receive enough support from the local government.

[正] The problem is whether we can receive enough support from the local government.

[解析] if和whether引導賓語從句時，絕大多數情況都可以互換，但是在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，只能用whether，不能用if。

3. [誤] I wonder how he is getting along well with his new novel.

[正] I wonder how he is getting along with his new novel.

[正] I wonder if/ whether he is getting along well with his new novel.

[解析] get on/ along well with意為“進展得順利”。如果用how來引導賓語從句，則去掉well，否則意思重復，既然well就不必再問how了。如果要保留well，則必須用if或者whether來引導賓語從句。此句句意為：我想知道他的新小說進展得如何。

4. [誤] All the books are here. You may choose whatever you like.

[正] All the books are here. You may choose whichever you like.

[解析] whatever意為“無論什么”，相當于anything that，通常用在沒有限定范圍的情況下；而whichever意為“無論哪一個”，相當于“any + 名詞（限定性的名詞） + that”，通常用在有限定范圍的情況下。此句相當于All the books are here. You may choose any book（而不是anything）that you like。

5. [誤] It is known to us all is that

America is made up of fifty states.

[正] What is known to us all is that America is made up of fifty states.

[正] It is known to us all that America is made up of fifty states.

[解析] 如果把it改為what，此句中whaｔ

引導的從句則為主語從句，is后的that引導的從句為表語從句；如果去掉is，it在從句中充當形式主語，that引導的為真正的主語從句。

6. [誤] I made a suggestion at the meet-ing that the problem must be solved at once.

[正] I made a suggestion at the meeting that the problem should be solved at once.

[解析] 表示“建議、命令、請求”的名詞如果有同位語從句修飾，從句通常用虛擬語氣，從句中的動詞形式用should + 動詞原形或省略should。

7. [誤] I really know nothing about if the book written by Mr. White has come out.

[正] I really know nothing about whether the book written by Mr. White has come out.

[解析] if和whether引導動詞賓語從句時，通常可以互換，但在介詞后的賓語從句中，只能用whether，不能用if。

8. [誤] These beautiful pictures will show you what does our campus look like.

[正] These beautiful pictures will show you what our campus looks like.

[解析] 在賓語從句中，通常用陳述語序，不用疑問語序。

9. [誤] There is no doubt whether he will succeed in doing the experiment.

[正] There is no doubt that he will succe-ed in doing the experiment.

[解析] 此句為同位語從句，doubt意為“懷疑，疑惑”，一般來說，如果doubt是肯定形式，一般要用if或whether來引導從句，如果doubt是否定形式，一般要用that來引導從句。

10. [誤] The man would rather do all what he could to send his son to study aboard.

[正] The man would rather do what he could to send his son to study aboard.

[正] The man would rather do all (that)

he could to send his son to study aboard.

[解析] all與what不能連用，如果去掉all，從句則變成了由what引導的賓語從句；如果把what去掉或者把what改為that，從句則變成了由that引導的定語從句。

11. [誤] The reason why he didnt attend the party is because his mother was seriously ill.

[正] The reason why he didnt attend the party is that his mother was seriously ill.

[解析] 此題考查“the reason why…is that

…”句型，意為“…的原因是…”，is后為表語從句。一般來說，從句中不缺少任何成分，句意也很完整時，名詞性從句通常用that來引導。

12. [誤] You are saying that all the work must be finished in two days, and this is what I disagree.

[正] You are saying that all the work

mustbe finished in two days, and this is where I disagree.

[解析] 系動詞is后為表語從句，動詞disagree為不及物動詞，根據句意可知表語從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where來引導。

鞏固習題：

1. Word came_________the PLA man sacrified his life to save the little girl who is in danger.

A. thatB. whatC. whenD. /

2. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe _________he says.

A. whateverB. whichever

C. no matter whatD. how

3. _________ was known to us all that the boss had broken his promise_________he would give us a rise.

A. As; whichB. What; that

C. It; thatD. It; which

4. She said nothing and nobody knew _________.

A. what is the matter with herB. what the matter is with her

C. what was the matter with herD. what the matter was with her

5. _________Linda can pass the exam is _________her teacher is worrying about now.

A. What; whatB. Whether; what

C. If; thatD. What; what

6. The question he asked was _________ the furniture should be placed.

A. whatB. which

C. whereD. that

7. I dont doubt _________he will attend tomorrows dancing party.

A. whetherB. whenC. ifD. that

8. Last week we made a trip to _________was once a battlefield.

A. whereB. what

C. whichD. when

9. One advantage of holding Olympic Games is_________ it can prosper the development of the local economy.

A. thatB. howC. whyD. when

10. He order that the murderer_________sentenced to death.

A. would beB. must beC. be D. could be

Keys:

1-5.AACCB

6-10.CDBAC