定語從句通常要用引導詞來引導。引導詞可分為關系代詞(如:who,whom,which,whose和that等)和關系副詞 (如:where,when和why等)。關系代詞在定語從句中起代詞的作用,關系副詞起副詞的作用。為了幫助同學們更好地掌握和運用定語從句,現將全國近幾年部分省、市中考英語對定語從句的考查熱點小結如下。
[焦點一] 考查關系代詞who
[要點簡述] 當指人的先行詞是定語從句的邏輯主語或是從句動作的執行者時,關系代詞要用who。
[中考試題]
1. The real great man is the man ______ makes every man feel great.
A. whereB. who C. whichD. when (2006年云南省課改試驗區)
2. — Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?
— Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. whichB. who C. whomD. whose(2004年遼寧省)
3. The girl with some flowers in her hand is my sister.(改為含有定語從句的復合句)
→The girl______ ______ some flowers in her hand is my sister.(2006年蘭州市)
Keys: 1~2:BB3: who has
[焦點二] 考查關系代詞whom的用法
[要點簡述] 當指人的先行詞是定語從句的邏輯賓語時,關系代詞用whom,有時可以省略。
[中考試題]
The young lady ______ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which (2005年天津市) Key:C
[焦點三] 考查關系代詞 that的用法
[要點簡述] 關系代詞that在定語從句中可以指人或物,通常用作主語、賓語、表語等。that指人時,可代替who / whom;指物時,相當于which。但以下情況只能用that,不能用 which:1.先行詞為all,much,something,everything等不定代詞時;(如:There’s nothing that can be said about it.關于這件事可能無話可說。) 2.當先行詞被any,few,little,no,some等修飾時;(如:There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒有適合你的工作。) 3.當先行詞為數詞或被last,next等修飾時;(如:Look at those flowers. You can see the two that you gave me. 看那些花,你能看見你給我的那兩種。) 4.當先行詞被the very,the only,the just修飾時;(如:The only thing that I need now is money. 我現在唯一需要的是錢。) 5.當先行詞既指人又指物時;(如:We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我們訪問過的老師和學校給我們留下了很深的印象。) 6.當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時;(This is the most important task that should be finished soon.這是必須很快完成的最重要的任務。) 7.主句是以who,which引導的疑問句時;(Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我媽媽談話的那個婦女是誰?)8.先行詞在主句或從句中作表語時用that,不用which?!?br>