定語從句考點聚焦

定語從句通常要用引導詞來引導。引導詞可分為關系代詞（如：who，whom，which，whose和that等）和關系副詞 (如：where，when和why等)。關系代詞在定語從句中起代詞的作用，關系副詞起副詞的作用。為了幫助同學們更好地掌握和運用定語從句，現將全國近幾年部分省、市中考英語對定語從句的考查熱點小結如下。

[焦點一] 考查關系代詞who

[要點簡述] 當指人的先行詞是定語從句的邏輯主語或是從句動作的執行者時，關系代詞要用who。

[中考試題]

1. The real great man is the man ______ makes every man feel great.

A. whereB. who C. whichD. when (2006年云南省課改試驗區)

2. — Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?

— Yes， she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. whichB. who C. whomD. whose(2004年遼寧省)

3. The girl with some flowers in her hand is my sister.（改為含有定語從句的復合句）

→The girl______ ______ some flowers in her hand is my sister.（2006年蘭州市）

Keys: 1～2：BＢ3： who has

[焦點二] 考查關系代詞whom的用法

[要點簡述] 當指人的先行詞是定語從句的邏輯賓語時，關系代詞用whom，有時可以省略。

[中考試題]

The young lady ______ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.

A. what B. whose C. whom D. which （2005年天津市） Key:C

[焦點三] 考查關系代詞 that的用法

[要點簡述] 關系代詞that在定語從句中可以指人或物，通常用作主語、賓語、表語等。that指人時，可代替who / whom；指物時，相當于which。但以下情況只能用that，不能用 which：1.先行詞為all，much，something，everything等不定代詞時；（如：There’s nothing that can be said about it.關于這件事可能無話可說。） 2.當先行詞被any，few，little，no，some等修飾時；（如：There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒有適合你的工作。） 3.當先行詞為數詞或被last，next等修飾時；（如：Look at those flowers. You can see the two that you gave me. 看那些花，你能看見你給我的那兩種。） 4.當先行詞被the very，the only，the just修飾時；（如：The only thing that I need now is money. 我現在唯一需要的是錢。） 5.當先行詞既指人又指物時；（如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我們訪問過的老師和學校給我們留下了很深的印象。） 6.當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時；（This is the most important task that should be finished soon.這是必須很快完成的最重要的任務。） 7.主句是以who，which引導的疑問句時；（Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我媽媽談話的那個婦女是誰？）8.先行詞在主句或從句中作表語時用that，不用which。（如：It’s a book that will help you a lot. 這是一本對你很有幫助的書。）

[中考試題]

1. — Who is the man ______ was walking to our English teacher?

— Oh! It’s Mr.Baker， our new maths teacher.

A. he B. that C. whom D. which （2004年廣東省）

2. That’s the only thing ______ can’t be forgotten in my life.

A. that B. which C. who D. / (2003年甘肅省)

3. With the money ______ he had saved， he went on with his studies.（2004年常州市）

A. what B. that C. who D. where

4. There are lots of things ______ I need to do before I leave tonight.（2006年漳州市）

A. that B. who C. whyD. what

Keys: 1～4：BABA

[焦點四] 考查關系代詞which的用法

[要點簡述] 關系代詞which在定語從句中通常用作主語、賓語或定語。以下情況只能用which，不用that：1.引導詞后面有介詞時；（如：This is the room in which he works. 這是他的工作間。）2.先行詞本身是that時；（如：The watch is that which tells the time. 表是報時用的。）3.非限制性定語從句中先行詞是物時；（如：He has a computer， which was bought by his father yesterday.他有一臺電腦，是他爸爸昨天買的。）4.引導詞在被動句中用作主語時。（如：I like the toys which are colored. 我喜歡那些涂了不同顏色的玩具。）

[中考試題]

1. — Can you introduce the town to me?

— OK. This is the town in ______ I was born.

A. thatB. who C. which(2005年哈爾濱市)

2. The town ______ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before.

A. it B. who C. which （2005年四川省）

3. I’m looking at the photograph ______ you sent me with your letter.

A. who B. when C. which D. it （2004年浙江省）

Keys: 1 ～ 3：CCC

[焦點五] 考查關系代詞whose的用法

[要點簡述] 關系代詞在定語從句中作定語指人并表示所屬關系時，用whose。

[中考試題]

He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ______ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.

A. where B. whose C. in which D. that （2006年蘭州市）Key:B

[焦點六] 考查關系代詞省略的用法

[要點簡述] 關系代詞that在定語從句中作賓語時，可以省略。

[中考試題]

— Do you know everybody ______ came to the party?

— No. I don’t know the one ______ you had a long talk with near the door.

A.who；/B.whose；that C.that；which D. /； whom（2005年揚州市）Key:A