定語(yǔ)從句通常要用引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)詞可分為關(guān)系代詞(如:who,whom,which,whose和that等)和關(guān)系副詞 (如:where,when和why等)。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中起代詞的作用,關(guān)系副詞起副詞的作用。為了幫助同學(xué)們更好地掌握和運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)將全國(guó)近幾年部分省、市中考英語(yǔ)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查熱點(diǎn)小結(jié)如下。
[焦點(diǎn)一] 考查關(guān)系代詞who
[要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述] 當(dāng)指人的先行詞是定語(yǔ)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)或是從句動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要用who。
[中考試題]
1. The real great man is the man ______ makes every man feel great.
A. whereB. who C. whichD. when (2006年云南省課改試驗(yàn)區(qū))
2. — Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?
— Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. whichB. who C. whomD. whose(2004年遼寧省)
3. The girl with some flowers in her hand is my sister.(改為含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
→The girl______ ______ some flowers in her hand is my sister.(2006年蘭州市)
Keys: 1~2:BB3: who has
[焦點(diǎn)二] 考查關(guān)系代詞whom的用法
[要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述] 當(dāng)指人的先行詞是定語(yǔ)從句的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用whom,有時(shí)可以省略。
[中考試題]
The young lady ______ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which (2005年天津市) Key:C
[焦點(diǎn)三] 考查關(guān)系代詞 that的用法
[要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述] 關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人或物,通常用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。that指人時(shí),可代替who / whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。但以下情況只能用that,不能用 which:1.先行詞為all,much,something,everything等不定代詞時(shí);(如:There’s nothing that can be said about it.關(guān)于這件事可能無(wú)話可說(shuō)。) 2.當(dāng)先行詞被any,few,little,no,some等修飾時(shí);(如:There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒(méi)有適合你的工作。) 3.當(dāng)先行詞為數(shù)詞或被last,next等修飾時(shí);(如:Look at those flowers. You can see the two that you gave me. 看那些花,你能看見(jiàn)你給我的那兩種。) 4.當(dāng)先行詞被the very,the only,the just修飾時(shí);(如:The only thing that I need now is money. 我現(xiàn)在唯一需要的是錢。) 5.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí);(如:We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我們?cè)L問(wèn)過(guò)的老師和學(xué)校給我們留下了很深的印象。) 6.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);(This is the most important task that should be finished soon.這是必須很快完成的最重要的任務(wù)。) 7.主句是以who,which引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí);(Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我媽媽談話的那個(gè)婦女是誰(shuí)?)8.先行詞在主句或從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用that,不用which。……