從一道中考題看“動詞＋ｕｐ”的意義和用法

請看中考題：

We are glad that more and more businessmen want to________ factories in Zhangzhou. (2005年福建省漳州市)

A.pick upB.clean upC.open upD.get up

譯文：我們很高興，越來越多的商人想在漳州辦工廠。所給選項都是“動詞＋up”構成的短語，pick up(撿起，順便來接)，clean up(清除，收拾干凈)，open up(開辦)，get up(起床)，根據句意可知答案是C。

“動詞＋up”構成的短語動詞，常見的有：go up(上升，上樓)， turn up (露面)，stay up(熬夜)，sit up(坐起來，熬夜)，stand up(起立)，come up(走過來)，wake up(醒來，把某人叫醒)，make up(組成，占，編造，寫)，put up(舉起，張貼)，give up (放棄)，send up(發射)，eat up(吃光)，do up(扣好，梳理打扮)，catch up(趕上)，hurry up(快點)，cut up(切開)，warm up(熱身運動)，cheer up(高興起來)，dry up(干涸)，lock up(鎖起來)，mop up(用拖把拖地)，grow up(長大)，clear up(天氣放晴)，tie up(把…捆起來)，look up(抬頭看，查字典)，light up(亮起來)，speak up(大聲講/說)，call/ring up(打電話)，rise up(升起，起來反抗)，set up(成立，建立)，hold up(舉起)，dress up(梳妝，打扮)，move up(移動)， be up(起來，升起，結束)等。

“動詞＋up”短語按其用法可以分為以下四種情況：

一、及物用法

名詞作“動詞＋up”短語的賓語時，可以放在動詞與up之間，也可以放在短語之后；如果用代詞作賓語，代詞必須放在動詞與up之間。例如：

1)Your father is sleeping.You’d better________.(2005年江蘇省泰州市)

A.not to wake him up________ B.not wake him up

C.not wake uphim________ D.not to wake up him

had better后跟不帶to的動詞不定式，因此，排除A，D兩項。因為代詞him作賓語要放在wake與up之間，所以，答案是B。

2) If you don’t understand the words，you may look them up in a dictionary.

如果你不明白這些單詞，你可以查詞典。

3) She took up the piano when she was five.她五歲時開始學鋼琴。

二、不及物用法

1) What time do you get up?你通常幾點鐘起床？

2) I looked for you everywhere， but you didn’t turn up.

我到處找你，但是你沒有露面。

3) Hurry up， or you’ll be late.快點，要不然的話，你就會遲到。

4) The balloon rose up slowly into the air.氣球緩緩地升入空中。

5) Just then a man came up with a ticket in his hand.

就在那時，一個男人手里拿著一張票走過來。

有些短語(如look up， wake up， give up等)既可用作及物動詞短語，又可用作不及物動詞短語。

試比較：

He looked up， but he saw nothing.他抬頭看，但什么也沒看見。

She often looks them up in the dictionary when she doesn’t know how to pronounce new words. 當她不知道生詞怎么念時，她經常查詞典。

He has not waked up yet. 他還沒有醒。

Please wake me up at five tomorrow morning.請在明天早上五點把我叫醒。

三、be＋up的含義

1) What’s up with you ?你怎么啦？

2) All the town is up.全城沸騰了。

3) The river is up.河水漲起來了。

4) The wind is up.風大起來了。

5) The time is up.時間到了。

6) The score is 15 up.比分為十五平。

7) His anger is up.他怒火上升。

四、固定搭配

常見的有：up to(直到)，catch /keep up with(趕上)，make up one’s mind(下決心，決定)，be made up of(由…組成)，add up to(加起來共計)，meet up with(與某人約見)等。

1)The world’s population is getting larger and larger， so scientists are trying to________new ways to solve the food problem.(2005年江蘇省鹽城市)

A.catch up with B.keep up withC.come up withD.make up with

譯文：世界人口越來越多，因此，科學家們正在設法提出解決糧食問題的辦法。

catch up with(趕上)，keep up with(趕上，跟上)，come up with (趕上，提出)，make up 后面一般不跟with，根據句意可知答案是C。

2) He worked up to night.他一直工作到深夜。

3) The bills added up to exactly ten yuan.賬單加起來共計１０元。

4) Then she meets up with Simon and they do their homework together.

然后她約見西蒙和他一起做家庭作業。

5) He has made up his mind to learn English well. 他下決心學好英語。

動詞＋up這類短語還有很多，這里不一一列舉，希望同學們在學習中不斷歸納總結。

鞏固練習

根據所給漢語提示完成句子（注意動詞的變化形式）

1.He has already ________ (建立)a small lab.

2.I’ll drive over and________ you________(順便開車接)at five tomorrow.

3.I wish you would________(醒悟過來).

4.I asked him to________(放棄)such foolish ideas.

5.It’s not true.He________it________(編造).

6.When you don’t know the word， you must________ it________ (查)in the dictionary.

7.Freshwater________(占)only a very small part of all the water on the Earth.

8.Man－made satellites have been________(發射)by many countries.

9.Mary has________herself________(打扮好)for a dinner party.

10.I’ll________you________(打電話)as soon as I get there.

11.The Yellow River used to________(干涸).

12.I hope you won’t________(熬夜) too late.

13.Please take down the old pictures and________(掛起來)the new ones.

14.She dreams of becoming a famous singer when she________(長大).

15.He________(跳起來)out of his chair when he heard the news.

16.Today is your birthday，Grandpa.________(高興點).

17.The two hunters caught the lion and________it________(捆起來) .

18.Horses can sleep________(站著).

19.The classroom’s floor is very dirty.We must________it________(用拖把拖).

20.Parliament is________(閉會).

21.I’ll________(與其見面)my girlfriend tomorrow.

22.Air is________(組成)of water.

Keys:1. set up2. pick，up3. wake up4. give up 5. made，up6. look，up7. makes up 8. sent up9. dressed，up10. call/ring，up11. dry up12. stay up13. put up14. grows up 15. jumped up16. Cheer up17. tied，up18. standing up19. mop，up20. up 21. meet up with22. made up