如何正確使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也叫瞬間動(dòng)詞，還叫終止性動(dòng)詞，它所表示的動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生立即完結(jié)，不再延續(xù)。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：come， go， leave， open， close， begin， start， finish， stop， buy， borrow， join， die等，同學(xué)們?cè)谑褂眠@類動(dòng)詞時(shí)易出錯(cuò)，那么怎樣才能正確使用這類動(dòng)詞呢？應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

一、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與how long引導(dǎo)的疑問句連用。如：

不能說：How long have you joined Greener China?

應(yīng)該說：How long have you been a member of Greener China?(或把a(bǔ) member of改成in)

二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

（注：for接表一段時(shí)間的詞，如for three years， for a long time； since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句，如：since three years ago， since last year。）如：

不能說：He has bought the computer for two months.

應(yīng)該說：He has had the computer for two months.

或者說：He bought the computer two months ago.

但非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時(shí)間。如：

I haven’t bought anything for two months.

三、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（或從句）連用時(shí)，只能用否定形式，不能用肯定形式。如：

He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock last night.

I know nothing about it until you told me.直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。

四、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，若是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式應(yīng)譯成將來時(shí)態(tài)的意思。如：

I’m leaving for Lanzhou.我要出發(fā)去蘭州。

五、初中階段常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性狀態(tài)的表示方法：

come—be here

come to—be in/at

go out—be out

leave—be away (from)

begin/start—be on

borrow—keep

put on—wear

die—be dead

catch a cold—have a cold

buy—have

get to know—know

come back—be back

become(a worker)—be(a worker)

arrive in/at—be in/at

marry—be married(to)

比較：Her grandpa died in 1992.

→Her grandpa has been dead for over 10 years.

強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：

1.Jack ______ Beijing for two years.

A. has been inB. has come in

C. went to D. came to

2.The old man ______ for ten years.

A. has died B. dies

C. has been deadD. died

3.She ______ this school since 1992.

A. has come B. has come to C. has been at

4.The film ______ for five minutes.

A. has began B .began

C. has been D. has been on

5.How long can I ______ the book?

A. borrowB. lend

C. keep D. kept

Keys：ACCDC