大家好!我是動詞不定式,初次相識,我想作個自我介紹,好讓你們更快更好地了解我,從而使我早日成為你們的好朋友。
認識我就從記住我的“長相”開始吧:我是由“to+動詞原形”組成的,to是我的標志,雖然to無實義,但它卻是我的“鐵桿”,一般情況下,我和它形影不離。我出入于句首、句中、句末,充當句子的各種成份(謂語除外),從而使句子變得更加豐富多彩。
我的“基本個性”:我“為人隨和”,沒有人稱和數的變化,例如to live。否定形式在to前加not,例如not to spit in public places。我具有動詞的特點,可以有自己的狀語,如是及物動詞還可帶賓語,一起構成“不定式短語”,例如to study English well。
我的“真實本領”:我雖不能作謂語,但具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,在句中可以作“主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語”,本領可大了!今天在此向同學們露幾招,展示一下我的風采,你們可要認真學習啰!
一、作賓語:我天生討“人”喜愛,下列及物動詞都搶著讓我“作賓語”,如want, decide, refuse, afford, hope, wish, expect, plan, remember, forget, would like等等。例如:
1) We have planned to travel to Hainan next week.
2) He never refuses to help others.
特別點擊:在復合賓語結構中常用it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語則由我來擔任,例如:I find it interesting to play chess.
二、作賓語補足語:我“助人為樂”,常來補充說明賓語“大有作為”,但“to”不能“隨心所欲”。
1. 當謂語動詞是ask, tell, want, teach, show, invite, encourage, allow時,to請“上座”,例如:
1) Lin Tao invited Jim to have dinner on Mid-Autumn Day.
2) My teacher always encourages me to work hard.
2. 當謂語動詞是一“感”(feel)二“聽”(hear, listen to)三“使”(make, have, let)和四“看”(see, watch, notice, look at)時,to會“讓座”(省略to),但變成被動語態后,to不能省略,例如:
We often hear her sing in English. → She is often heard to sing in English by us.
三、作狀語:我“服務熱情”,常在come, laugh, cry, go, run, stop等不及物動詞后作狀語,說明的內容“各有千秋”。
1. 說明動作的“目的”。例如:
When I saw the wallet on the ground, I stopped to pick it up.
2. 說明動作的“原因”。例如:
We sang and danced to hear the good news.
3. 說明動作的“結果”。例如:
He worked hard to catch up with the others in his class.
特別提醒:
1. 下列句型中我“作狀語”,須牢記在心頭:……p>