一、 用that,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. 通常只用that的情況
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything, none等時(shí);或者當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)和 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very, the same, the last 等單詞修飾時(shí),定語從句要用that來引導(dǎo)。
例1His brother did ______ he could to help him.
A. all whichB. all what
C. allD. which
解析: 本句中的did是及物動(dòng)詞,用all作did的賓語,all后面省略關(guān)系代詞that,he could 作為定語修飾all,故選C。
(2) 如果定語從句修飾兩個(gè)先行詞,其中一個(gè)指人,一個(gè)指物,那么,定語從句的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that 。
例2The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the viewers.
本句中的定語從句有兩個(gè)先行詞,一為writer,一為works,故其關(guān)系代詞為that。
(3) 在以every time, the first time, the moment, the minute, immediately, the day, the period等詞語引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語中,用that而不是用when 來引導(dǎo)修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞或短語的定語從句,that也可省略。
例3She made me feel at home the minute (that) I arrived.
本句中用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾表示時(shí)間的短語the minute。
2. 通常只用which的情況
(1) 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指物或指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容時(shí),只能用which。
例4Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. whichB. that
C. this D. it
解析: 選項(xiàng)所在的句子是非限制性定語從句,用which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容,故選A。
(2) 如果一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)用that作關(guān)系代詞,另一個(gè)須用which。
例5Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
本句中有兩個(gè)定語從句,分別用了that和which作關(guān)系代詞。
二、 用who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. 如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody, one, ones, those, all等,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)用who,作賓語時(shí)用whom / who。
例6Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart diseases than those______ don’t.
A. who; 不填B. 不填; who
C. who; whoD. 不填; 不填
解析: 第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)在定語從句中作主語,不能省略;第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)的先行詞those是指人的不定代詞,通常與who組成“those who”的結(jié)構(gòu),指代“那些……的人”。故選C。
2. 在非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞指人且作主語時(shí)用who,作賓語時(shí)用whom / who。
例7The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when
C. which D. who
解析: 選項(xiàng)的先行詞“star”指人,且選項(xiàng)在非限制性定語從句中作主語,故選D。
3. 在定語從句中,可以作定語的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose,表示某物時(shí)相當(dāng)于“the + 名詞 + of + which”或“of + which + the + 名詞”;
中學(xué)生天地·高中學(xué)習(xí)版
2007年6期