“歐洲通”伍貽康

他曾是“世紀之辯”奪冠榮歸的領隊；他率先開拓“歐洲一體化”研究；他當官時仍然堅持學術研究并且無私獎掖后生，為屬下排憂解難……總之，他以一片赤子之心辛勤地耕耘于黃浦江畔，他就是

一個春光明媚的上午，我到上海市政府改造的居住小區拜訪世界經濟研究所原所長兼中國歐盟研究會會長伍貽康教授。站在他那16樓朝南的20平方米陽臺上，遠望出去就是中國2010年上海世博會園區和橫跨黃浦江兩岸的南浦大橋、盧浦大橋、徐浦大橋。

“世紀之辯”奪冠榮歸

伍貽康這個名字真正躍入我的眼簾，那是1988年4月在新加坡舉行的“亞洲大專辯論賽”復旦大學奪冠的時刻。

參加辯論賽的大學有新加坡國內大學、馬來亞大學、香港中文大學、澳門東亞大學、臺灣大學和復旦大學等六所知名高校，其中最引人關注的，是臺大和復旦兩個代表隊的辯手。

海峽兩岸的大學生隔絕已近40年，而今要對同一辯題進行舌戰，其意義已遠遠超出一般大學的校際學術活動。辯論是零和博弈，敗者雖非意味著一方教育制度、人才培養的失誤，然而勝者不能不是成功的一次佐證。

復旦大學接到派代表隊參賽通知后，極其重視這場辯論。謝希德(著名物理學家，曾任上海市政協主席)校長經過深思熟慮，任命了副教務長伍貽康教授掛帥領隊。謝希德認為伍教授知識面廣，思維清晰，應變能力強，有著一發言必能“鎮場”的氣勢。當時他雖然已經51歲，不再年輕，但氣質依然。伍教授謙謙至誠，當即聘請了20多個專家作顧問，尤其是他擇善從之，物色了國際政治系才智聰穎過人的王滬寧教授作為教練。他們兩人配合默契，珠聯璧合，從自愿報名的80多個同學里挑選出5名辯手進行精心的培訓。經過長達四個多月的培訓，5個辯手很快凝成了一個有機的整體。

伍教授沐著四月和煦的春風，率領辯手們在新加坡進行了一場勢如暴風驟雨般的“激戰”，結果伍教授不負全校師生所托，他與教練王滬寧以及5個辯手奪冠榮歸。

這次“亞洲大專辯論賽”離今雖然已有17年多了，但在復旦大學校園里仍能聽到它那不絕的余音和回聲。

專注歐洲問題研究

對知識分子來說，20世紀70年代上中期是個人生疲憊和迷茫的時期。伍貽康隨著潮流下過鄉，進過廠，當過店員和環衛工。雖然他認認真真地做著這些工作，但這個讀書人的內心深處，對學術探討有一種饑渴，一有空暇他就會深謀遠慮地、不分晝夜地思索和研究起來。那時候中國人包括許多知識分子在內，對歐洲體制日益變化不是漠不關心就是一知半解，可伍貽康以其扎實的政治經濟感悟力，默默地開始把自己研究方位定在歐洲一體化上。經過一段時間的摸索，以他深厚的理論造詣和廣博的史學底子，很快便撩開了歐洲問題的神秘面紗，他發現了歐洲體制創新的新亮點。

搞國際政治與世界經濟研究的人，倘若一味死硬照搬別人的理論，那一定會變成東施效顰。伍貽康在世間瞬息萬變、吉兇莫測中敏銳地捕捉到了研究歐洲一體化的學術亮點，1973年他參與撰寫出了我國第一部系統介紹歐洲一體化的著作《西歐共同市場》，1983年他主持出版《歐洲共同體》一書，在我國學術出版界是一次突破，該書成為相關學界和外交外貿人員的必讀參考書，他成為我國歐洲研究的積極而熱心的開拓者之一。

此外，他還出版了《歐共體資料》（現定名為《歐洲一體化研究》），這是迄今28年我國唯一的歐洲一體化專業刊物，他嘔心瀝血地對歐洲一體化進行開拓性、探索性、基礎性的研究工作，近30年以來還撰寫300多篇文章在《人民日報》《紅旗》《求是》《世界經濟》《解放日報》《世界經濟研究》《世界歷史》《世界經濟與政治》《國際問題研究》《現代國際關系》《文匯報》《太平洋學報》等報刊上發表，他最有影響的著作是人民出版社1983年出版的《歐洲經濟共同體》，此書獲1986年上海市哲學社會科學優秀著作獎；他參與撰寫的《世界經濟概論》，榮獲1987年全國吳玉章世界經濟學特等獎；1987年刊登在《世界歷史》上的《歐洲一體化進程及其歷史地位》，獲1994年上海哲學社會科學優秀成果論文一等獎；高教出版社1999年出版的《經濟全球化論叢》，獲2000年上海哲學社會科學一等獎。他的名字和成就還被收錄于《劍橋人名錄》《美國名人錄》。這種敢為天下先的舉動，為后人研究歐洲一體化搭了一個可操作的平臺。

伍教授對歐洲一體化的研究專著，充分闡述了一個幾百年戰亂頻仍的舊歐洲如何緩解協調國家間種種矛盾分歧，闡述了它們在短短的幾十年里是如何把原來各自為政、強弱不一、發展水平參差不齊的歐洲打破國界和主權的局限，求同存異而獲得互利共贏的根本途徑。

當官不像官又認真做官

伍教授做過幾年官，可他做官不像官。不像的是他做官沒有放棄歐洲一體化的研究，還在做官期間主持撰寫的《歐洲共同體：體制·政策·趨勢》和《區域性國際經濟一體化的比較》分獲上海哲學社會科學優秀成果著作三等獎。不過他做官期間也像官，辦了許多有益于百姓的事。教育界人士念念不忘伍教授，在他的支持協助下，中國第一所民辦全日制杉達大學得以開辦，使民辦高校事業在上海穩步發展，蒸蒸日上。

他任上海市高教局常務副局長期間，特別關注青年的培養，對高校中青年骨干教師倍加關懷鼓勵，還對后生的誘掖獎勸、對百姓的喜怒哀樂、衣食住行時時惦記于胸。

1988年底，華東政法學院最年輕的教授曹建明根據中國與比利時兩國校際交流協議，赴比利時根特大學法學院進修，主修歐共體法。在此期間當曹建明以超人的毅力，研究并撰寫了《歐洲聯盟法》這一巨作之時，遇到了許多意想不到的困難，特別是缺乏必需的資料，在此關鍵時刻，伍教授不惜時間與精力，把自己收藏的各種珍貴書刊無私提供給了曹建明。曹建明學成歸國后欲開設國際經濟法新博士點，伍教授又與以往一樣，為其親自奔波。因此，曹建明第一次上門拜訪伍教授時，對這位領導頗有相見恨晚之感。他評價伍教授說：“他用自己無私的愛和博大胸懷，鑄造了一種令人敬佩的人格魅力。”

上世紀末，上海社科院招收博士生，考生周洛華因家庭突發事件沒有考好英語，由此當然要被淘汰出局。伍教授接觸過周洛華，欣賞他的業務根底和英語水平，特別是口語的流利程度。出于對人才的愛護，他不避嫌疑直陳周的才華，認為有培養前途，在伍的力薦保舉下周得以被破格錄取。周洛華后來在出版的著作前言中寫道：“由于伍教授的大力推薦，這才使我有了研讀博士研究生的機會。他對許多重大問題和事件的遠見卓識，樂觀豪邁的性格和寬厚仁慈的胸懷，總是點染著我去積極地嘗試人生每一次機會。”

伍教授當官20余年，凡看到別人遇到困難，總會設法去扶其一把。復旦大學新聞系的兩個研究生顧剛和李光斗，是“世紀之辯”的辯手，奪冠后曾被眾人當作英雄，后來因故跌入歷史的低谷。有人主張把這兩同學像發落30年前的“右派”一樣遣送回鄉，當征求伍教授意見時，他敢于坦誠發表意見，強調“人非圣賢，孰能無過”，對青年學子要“高抬貴手”，終于挽回了這兩位同學的坎坷命運，這兩人后來奮發努力，很好地發揮了他們的才智能力，在中國傳媒界做出了不少驕人的業績。

Professor Studies European Integration

By Ma Lingguo

The first time I knew of Professor Wu Yikang was 1988 when he steered a debate team from Fudan University to win a debate contest held in Singapore.

When Wu was appointed to organize a team to participate in the first-ever debate contest， he was 51 years old， but not too old to train a team of young debaters. The professor immediately signed up 20 plus experts to act as advisors and handpicked Wang Huning， an extremely brilliant multilingual professor at the International Politics Department， to help coach the youngsters. Wu and Wang interviewed 80 volunteers and handpicked the best five. They were trained for 4 months before facing their rivals from five other universities. Through storm-like heated debates， the Fudan team laughed the last laugh. Though the contest was held 17 years ago， echoes of the winning can still be heard on the Fudan campus today.

But Professor Wu Yikang is not just known for the role he played in organizing and coaching the winning team at Fudan University.

His honors date back to years much earlier. The year 1973 was a year when Chinese intellectuals experienced chaos and weariness. Wu had worked as a farmer， a factory worker， a shop assistant， a train attendant before. As an intellectual， he never gave up studies. He watched the world and Europe in particular. His focus was on the European system. It was in 1973 that Wu sensed the trend Europe was taking toward integration. He began to devote himself to the subject. In the same year， he coauthored China’s very first book that systematically discussed the issue of European integration entitled Western European Common Market. This book was designated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a must-read for Chinese diplomats.

Another big book Professor Wu compiled was References on European Community， which explored the European integration from the Chinese angle in a pioneering way. Over nearly 30 years， he has published 300 plus articles and papers on European issues in China’s heavyweight newspapers and academic journals. His most influential book is European Economic Community published in 1983 by People’s Press. Many of his outstanding papers have won academic honors. His research results paint a good picture about how Europe， shattered by wars over a course of hundreds of years， eased the tensions among neighboring countries and gradually built up a union and harmony for collective survival and prosperity.

Professor Wu has been in important leading positions for over twenty years. Two positions he has held are administrative deputy director of Shanghai Higher Education Bureau and director of World Economic Research Institute.

During these years， he remains a scholar. He has published award-winning books. And he has helped set up China’s very first full-time private university in Shanghai. And he helps new scholars research issues about Europe’s integration.

Those who have received Wu’s help are deeply impressed by the way the help was offered and by Wu’s generosity and kindness.

Cao Jianming， then the youngest professor at East China University of Politics and Law， went to Belgium’s Ghent University to study European Community Law In 1988. During his stay there， he began to write a book on the law. Unexpectedly he ran into problems such as no adequate materials for references. Wu reached out to help Cao. He got books from his individual library and sent them to Cao. When Cao came back to Shanghai and wanted to set up a doctoral course on international economic laws， it was Professor Wu again that helped him. After all the events， Cao finally found an opportunity to pay a visit to Wu with gratitude and in admiration for his charisma.

Zhou Jihua did not do well in an important English exam because of an unexpected incident at home. The result of the written exam disqualified Zhou for an interview for the doctoral course at Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. Wu had met Zhou before and said Zhou spoke English fluently and was a highly talented person. It would be a great regret if Zhou was disqualified as a result of a family incident. At Wu’s recommendation， Zhou was granted an opportunity to appear at the interview. The examiners were all impressed by his oral proficiency. The rule was bent and Zhou was enrolled.

Two star debaters on the winning team in 1988 made some mistakes in their lives and were faced with a school’s decision that might send them home. When Professor Wu was consulted to help make the final decision， he was dissident with the proposal. He stressed that the two young men were not sages and that they should be given a chance to go straight. The two students were saved from the worst frustration in life.

(Translated by David)