Discussion on the Construction of Sponge City Standards System atHomeandAbroad
TAN Shuying^ LIU ChangHU Yuanhe HE Liangliang ZHANG Hanwen TONG Peng (Liaoning Inspection, Examination and Certification Centre)
Abstract:[Objective] This paper aims tocompare stormwater managementsystems at home and abroad,and study the status and existing problems of sponge citystandards system in China.[Methods]Foreignstormwater management systems are searchedthrough WebofScience,foreignachievementsaresummarized,andthestatusofrelevantstandardssystems in the United States and Germany are analyzed.Based on data onthe national standard information public service platform, the existing sponge citystandardsaresummarized,focusingonthe analysisoflocalstandards.[Results] Itis found that existing sponge city standards of China are based on national standards and sectoral standards,and local standards are developedaccording tolocalconditions,andatotalof72local standards havebeenfiledasofApril7,2O25.[Conclusion] Thesestandardsmainly focusonprocessevaluationandefectivenessevaluation.Thelackoffront-endevaluationofrelated products willeadtoagreat increaseofprojectconstructionrisk.Itisnecessarytoflltheexistingstandardssystematthe product level standards,whichcan help regulate the market and improve the effectiveness of the project.
Keywords:sponge city; standardssystem;stormwater management
0 引言
隨著城市化建設的不斷深人,城市內澇、水資源短缺、面源污染嚴重及水環境生態惡化等問題不斷凸顯,“海綿城市建設”則在該背景下應運而生[-2]。海綿城市是通過加強城市規劃和管理,開發現有城市基礎設施的雨水調控潛能,包括建筑、道路、綠地、水系等。由于海綿城市建設涉及排水、環境、城市規劃、風景園林等不同專業,各專業涉及原理及目標存在差異,有必要從海綿城市建設出發對現有技術標準進行研究,增強各標準之間的適配性,以滿足海綿城市建設需求[3-5]。本文將淺談國外海綿城市建設評價體系,討論近些年國內海綿城市的發展現狀,重點分析我國海綿城市地方標準體系構建情況,并對我國海綿城市建設提出展望。
1 國外海綿城市標準體系
研究國外海綿城市標準體系對構建我國海綿城市建設標準體系具有重要的意義。通過借鑒國外較為先進的評價方法,同時考慮我國的實際情況,可制修訂更為科學的標準。國外為解決城市水循環問題提出了一系列措施,如美國的低影響開發(Low Impact Development,LID)、雨水最佳管理措施(Best Management Practices,BMPs)[]、綠色基礎措施(GreenInfrastructure,GI)及綠色雨水基礎設施(Green StormwaterInfrastructure,GSI)[9],英國的可持續排水系統(SustainableUrban Drainage Systems,SUDs)[],德國的雨水利用(StormWaterHarvesting,SWH)[和雨洪管理(Storm Water Management,SWM)[12],澳大利亞的水敏性城市(Water Sensitive Urban Drainage,WSUD)[13等。上述項目雖然名稱不同,但具體舉措及評價方式相近,主要對降雨徑流進行分析來評價項目成效。同時,采用生命周期環境影響評價(LifeCycleAssessment,LCA)或者生命周期成本評價的方法(Life Cycle Costing,LCC)[4-15]對項目源頭設施進行研究。……