大足石刻石篆山危巖體穩定性評價及加固方案

中圖分類號：TU457；TU-87 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2096-6717（2025）04-0037-09

Stability evaluation and reinforcement scheme of dangerous rock mass in Shizhuan Mountain of Dazu Rock Carvings

ZHAO Gang'，LIU Dan2， JIANG Siwei'，MA Runjie？，PENG Liusheng1，TAO Zhigang2 （1.Academy ofDazu Rock Carvings，Chongqing 4O236o，P.R.China； 2. China University of Mining and Technology （Beijing），Beijing lOo83，P.R.China;3.PowerChina Beijing Enginering Corporation Limited，Beijing 100024， P.R.China）

Abstract： Due to the long-term action of natural forces，thecultural heritages of groto temples and rock carving areextremely vulnerable to tectonic stress，crack expansion，rainwater erosion，etc.，resulting in serious rock mass instability. Taking the Clif Statues of Shizhuan Mountain in Dazu Rock Carvings as an example，through field surveys and laboratory tests，the engineering geological conditions of the carving area and the macro mechanical properties of regional rock are obtained，and the stability of the dangerous rock mass under the two main failure modes of dumping and sliding are respectively evaluated by combining qualitative and quantitative methods，and reinforcement schemes are formulated.The calculation results show that the stability safety factors of dangerous rock masses of dumping and sliding are 1.39 and 1.2O respectively under the influence of seismic factors. Considering the particularity of preservation status of cultural relics and the tourist visit services in the grotto area，a comprehensive treatment of \"bolt reinforcement + stone masonry + crack grouting + old treatment\" is adopted.By monitoring the displacement and stress，the deformation of dangerous rock masses of dumping and slidingare controlled within the range of 3mm and 6mm afterreinforcement，which verifies the effectiveness of the reinforcement scheme and minimizes the major danger of Shizhuan Mountain clifstatues in time to ensure the safety of tourists and cultural relics.

Keywords：Dazu Rock Carvings；disease of dangerous rock mass； failure mode；stability evaluation; reinforcement scheme

大足石刻是重慶大足地區境內所有石窟造像的總稱。始鑿于初唐，歷經五代，鼎盛于兩宋，是中國洞窟藝術史上的最后一座豐碑，代表了公元9世紀至13世紀世界石窟藝術的最高水平，與敦煌、云岡、龍門等石窟一起，構成了一部完整的中國石窟藝術史，1999年被聯合國教科文組織列入《世界遺產名錄》。作為大足石刻的重要組成部分，石篆山摩崖造像是中國少有的“三教合一\"造像區，對于深入研究儒、釋、道三教之間的相互交融關系及中國傳統文化的發展具有重要價值[。但是，歷經千年的自然營力作用，石刻造像區出現巖體失穩、滲漏水、表層劣化、微生物滋生等諸多病害，尤其是巖體失穩最為嚴重，產生了很多卸荷裂隙、掏蝕懸空面、破碎巖體，岌岌可危，嚴重威脅游客及文物安全，影響石刻造像的長久保存2。因此，開展石篆山摩崖造像區危巖體病害特性研究，系統性評價危巖體的穩定性，為工程勘察設計和施工提供數據支撐和科學依據，具有十分重要的現實意義。

眾多學者圍繞石窟病害類型及形成機理進行了大量研究[3-5]。王旭東等[通過現場調查和測試分析相結合的方法對敦煌莫高窟進行研究，結果表明，破壞類型主要為風化、危巖體、損害、脫落；蘭恒星等以危巖體病害為研究對象，分析了不同因素作用下石窟寺巖體的劣化機制與失穩機理。危巖體病害屬于眾多病害中的一種常見病害，有必要開展石窟區危巖體的穩定性評價。……