嫁接對秋延后西瓜生長及品質的影響

中圖分類號：S651 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1673-2871（2025）06-115-05

Effects of grafting on growth and quality of autumn-delayed watermelon

LI Guifen， XIE Huayun， YE Yunfeng， QIN Sihua， LIU Tangjing，HE Yi，LI Tianyan， HONG Rixin， WEI Zhengguang，HUANG Jinyan

（HorticultureReearchnstitute，uangxiAcdemyofAgriculturaliencesnningoo，Guangxina）

Abstract：To study the efects of grafting onthe growthandqualityof autumn-delayed watermelon，using random block design，takinggourdandwild watermelonasrotstocks，Guihongyu watermelonasscion，andself-rootedseedlingsas control，the grafting experiment wascarredouttoinvestigate theeffectsofgraftingonmain stem length，stemdiameter， disease rsistance，yield andqualityofautumn-delayed watermelon，soas toprovide technical basis forautumn-delayed watermelon production.Theresults showed that grafting can significantly improve thegrowth potential，disease resistance，single fruit massand yield of autumn-delayed watermelon.The yield of grafted seedlings was 87.7% -1 15.7% higher than that of self-rooted seedlings，and the yield of gourd grafted seedlings was 115.7% higher than that of self-rooted seedlings.Graftingcan increase the pelhardness whilereducing the pee thicknessandflesh hardness，thereby improvingfruit storageand transportation and tastequality.Grafting could notincrease the soluble solidscontentof autumn-delayed watermelon，butgourdrootstockcould increasethecontentoffructose，sucrose，lycopene，vitaminCandtheratio offructose to glucose（F/G），thus improving the flavor qualityandnutritional qualityof autumn-delayed watermelon. Wild watermelon rootstocks significantlyreduced thecontent oflycopene，vitamin C，citrullineand theratiooffructose to glucose（F/G），thusreducing theflavorqualityand nutritionalquality.Insummary，the growth，yieldand fruit qualityof the gourdgraftedsedlings were beterthanthoseofthewildwatermelongraftedseedlings，therefore，gourdis moresuitable as a grafting rootstock for autumn-delayed cultivation of watermelon than wild watermelon.

Keywords：Watermelon; Grafting;Rootstock;Autumn-delayed cultivation; Growth; Quality

西瓜是我國重要的經濟作物，受高溫和多雨等自然因素的影響，秋季北方西瓜上市量大大減少，價格也逐漸上漲，因地理和氣候的優勢，秋延后生產是廣西南寧西瓜產區的主要栽培模式。秋延后西瓜生長季節與氣候變化與春西瓜相反，處在氣溫由高到低、雨水由多到少的季節，應選用抗澇、耐冷、抗病性強、生育期中等、果實發育快、含糖量高的大果型品種。桂紅玉是廣西農業科學院園藝研究所育成的露地和設施兼用型西瓜新品種，具有外形美觀、高產優質、耐熱性強、不易倒轟等優點，但是耐冷性弱，因此在重茬地秋延后生產的產量和品質表現不佳。

研究表明，采用抗性更強的南瓜、瓠瓜和野生西瓜作為砧木進行嫁接栽培是克服連作障礙、提高產量的有效措施，嫁接不僅能提高西瓜的抗病性，同時可提高西瓜對低溫、高溫、濕澇、鹽害、重金屬等脅迫的耐性3-4]，還能提高西瓜的生長性能、產量和品質[5-0]。在廣西南寧西瓜產區，西瓜育苗工廠習慣選用南瓜作為春季西瓜的嫁接砧木，而在秋季，由于天氣干旱和氣溫逐漸下降，會加劇南瓜砧木對西瓜品質造成的不利影響[1I-13]，因此通常選用葫蘆和野生西瓜作為砧木。此外，由于前人主要在春季開展西瓜嫁接研究，關于秋延后西瓜嫁接栽培的相關研究較少[14，關于嫁接對糖分、番茄紅素、瓜氨酸和維生素C含量等西瓜果實重要營養品質影響的研究也少有報道9。……