Research on Food Microbiological Safety Detection Method Based on PCR Technology
GAO Gengqu
(Food and Chemical Engineering Department, Henan Quality Institute,Pingdingshan 467ooo, China)
Abstract: Carrying out food microbial testing is not only conducive to reducing the occurrence of fod safety incidents,but also improving product quality and promoting the sustainable development of the fod industry. As an efcient and sensitive molecular biologydetection method,polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has the advantages of strong specificity,rapid detection and simple operation.Based on the application status of PCR technologyin food microbial safety detection,this paper studiesthe application strategyofPCR technology in food safety detection. It is concluded that the application of PCR technology in food microbial safety detection still has some problems, such as complex sample processing,relatively insufficient primer and probe design,and relatively single detection technology type.Based on this,strategies such as optimizing sample processing methods,strengthening primer and probe design,and optimizing detection technology wereproposed,inorder to providetheoreticalsupport forensuring food microbial safety.
Keywords: polymerase chain reaction (PCR); food microbiological safety testing; foodborne pathogens; food safety
隨著人們生活水平的提升,食品安全成為社會各界關注的焦點。開展食品微生物安全檢測,能夠有效控制食品安全風險,最大限度地減少食品安全事件的發(fā)生[]。傳統(tǒng)食品微生物檢測方法如培養(yǎng)法、生化鑒定法等,雖然能在一定程度上滿足檢測需求,但存在檢測周期長、靈敏度低等問題[2],不利于食品安全快速預警和有效防范。因此,尋找快速、準確的食品微生物安全檢測方法已成為食品安全領域急需解決的問題。核酸體外擴增技術,如聚合酶鏈式反應(PolymeraseChainReaction,PCR)具有靈敏度高、特異性強等優(yōu)點[3],能夠通過特異性引物擴增目標微生物的特定基因片段,實現(xiàn)對食品中致病菌的快速、全面、準確檢測,為保障食品安全提供有力的技術支撐。基于此,本文在準確把握PCR技術基本原理的基礎上,對其在食品微生物安全檢測中的應用現(xiàn)狀展開分析,并探索其在食品安全檢測中的應用策略,以期為食品微生物的快速檢測提供有效手段。
1開展食品微生物安全檢測的重要性
(1)保障公眾健康,減少食品安全事件發(fā)生。開展食品中的致病菌、病毒、寄生蟲等有害微生物安全檢測,可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)被污染食品,防止其進入市場,從而避免因食用受污染的食品而引發(fā)食物中毒,進一步保障公眾的身體健康和生命安全[4。同時,開展食品微生物安全檢測可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)食品中存在的傳染病病原體,有助于相關部門及時了解各類傳染病在食品中的傳播情況和流行趨勢,為傳染病的防控提供科學依據(jù),有效減少食品安全事件發(fā)生。……