中圖分類號:S662.5 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1002-2910(2025)02-0019-03
The effect of slow-release fertilizer mixed with vermicompost in cherry orchard experiment
CHEN Xue
(Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center,Dalian,Liaoning 116o30, China)
Abstract: For three consecutive years, the mixed application of chemical slow-release fertilizer and vermicompost in cherry orchard was tested to study its effects on soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that compared with the application of slow-release fertilizer alone, the mixed application of chemical slow-release fertilizer and earthworm manure could significantly improve the activities of soil urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and sucrase, increase the microbial content, effectively improve the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil p H ,and the electrical conductivity EC of soil also increased to varying degrees.
Key words:sweet cherry; slow-release fertilizer; earthworm manure; soil physicochemical properties; enzyme activity
為了增加經(jīng)濟效益,甜櫻桃生產(chǎn)中存在加大化學(xué)肥料施用以增加產(chǎn)量的情況,但是長期過度施用化肥會加劇土壤環(huán)境的惡化,土壤有機質(zhì)含量嚴(yán)重不足,土壤板結(jié),土壤酸化,并出現(xiàn)地下水和硝態(tài)氮含量超標(biāo)等問題,成為制約甜櫻桃產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的因素之一。
蚯蚓糞是蚯蚓消化有機廢棄物產(chǎn)生的有機質(zhì)含量多、礦質(zhì)養(yǎng)分豐富的均勻顆粒,富含多種利于植物生長的酶、腐殖質(zhì)和植物激素類物質(zhì),可優(yōu)化土壤微生物種群,增強土壤酶活性,酸堿度中性,改善土壤農(nóng)化性狀,對養(yǎng)分具有緩釋效果,保持肥效期長、養(yǎng)分利用率更高[1]。蚯蚓糞與化肥配合施用已受到國內(nèi)外的普遍重視。中國從20世紀(jì)80年代開始興起蚯蚓養(yǎng)殖業(yè),北京、天津、河北、寧夏、云南等地都建有不同規(guī)模的蚯蚓養(yǎng)殖場,蚯蚓糞年產(chǎn)量達數(shù)十萬噸[2]。前人關(guān)于蚯蚓糞的應(yīng)用進行了大量的研究,但主要集中在花卉、蔬菜等作物上[3]。針對自前甜櫻桃園土壤生產(chǎn)力逐年減弱,果實品質(zhì)下降的問題,筆者進行了櫻桃園蚯蚓糞與化學(xué)緩釋肥混合施用的試驗,實現(xiàn)了生態(tài)環(huán)境的自我修復(fù),提升櫻桃品質(zhì),減少農(nóng)藥及化肥使用的效果。
1材料與方法
1.1 供試材料
試驗于2022—2024年連續(xù)3年在大連市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院櫻桃園資源圃進行,園地砂壤土,有機質(zhì)含量 1 . 2 % 。品種紅燈,5年生樹。小冠疏層形,株行距 4 m× 4 m ,樹勢均衡,無明顯病害。
試驗所用肥料有2種:蚯蚓糞,為蚯蚓吞食牛糞后的產(chǎn)物,有機質(zhì)含量 ? 4 5 % ,
5 % , 4 0 k g / 袋,海南市種養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)合作社提供;……