濾波參數對逆變器輸出波形的影響研究

摘" 要： 為了探究濾波電感、電容、濾波器結構及磁芯材料對逆變器輸出波形的影響，文中設計一種LLC型濾波結構。在雙極性驅動方式下，LLC型濾波電感、電容參數增大，逆變器輸出波形對稱性更好。但隨著參數持續增大，該濾波結構會引起輸出波形起始波動時間延長，波動程度增大，電路阻抗、無功功率增加及波形過矯正。對LC型、LLC型、LCL型三種濾波結構的對比研究結果表明：在電感、電容參數為3 mH和14.1 μF時，三種結構都具備較好的濾波特性；LLC型濾波結構具備更好的線路阻抗平衡特性，輸出波形對稱性更好。研究了鐵硅鋁、錳鋅鐵氧體以及非晶納米晶三種磁芯材料對LLC型濾波特性的影響，發現在參數相同時，磁導率越高波形對稱性越差，阻抗變大會導致逆變輸出波形畸變。因此，在逆變器濾波設計中應綜合考慮電感、電容、磁導率及線路阻抗平衡問題，以提高濾波器的工作性能。

關鍵詞： LLC諧振； 濾波電感； 濾波電容； 濾波結構； 逆變器； 線路阻抗； 磁導率

中圖分類號： TN713?34； TM464" " " " " " " " " 文獻標識碼： A" " " " " " " " " " " 文章編號： 1004?373X（2025）04?0010?08

Research on impact of filter parameter on output waveform of inverter

WANG Zhicheng1， LI Ziwei1， CHEN Jingwei2， JI Zhiteng1

（1. School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering， East China University of Technology， Nanchang 330013， China;

2. Quanzhou Weidun Electric Co.， Ltd.， Quanzhou 362012， China）

Abstract： A LLC type filter structure is designed to investigate the impact of filter inductance， capacitor， structure， and magnetic core material on the output waveform of the inverter. Under bipolar driving mode， the LLC type filter inductor and capacitor parameters can increase， resulting in better symmetry of the inverter output waveform. As the parameters continue to increase， this filtering structure will cause the initial fluctuation time of the output waveform to prolong， the fluctuation degree to increase， the circuit impedance and reactive power to increase， and the waveform to be over?corrected. The comparative study of LC， LLC and LCL filter structures shows that when the inductance and capacitance parameters are 3 mH and 14.1 μF， the three structures have better filtering characteristics， while the LLC filter structure has better line impedance balance characteristics and better output waveform symmetry. The influence of three core materials， Fe?Si?Al， Mn?Zn?Ferrite and amorphous nanocrystalline on the characteristics of LLC filter is studied. It is found that when the parameters are the same， the higher the permeability， the worse the wave symmetry. The impedance amplification can lead to the waveform distortion of inverter output. Therefore， comprehensive consideration should be given to inductance， capacitance， permeability and line impedance balance when designing an inverter filter to enhance its performance.

Keywords： LLC resonance; filter inductor; filter capacitor; filtering structure; inverter; line impedance; magnetic permeability

隨著光伏發電、光伏儲能、光伏并網規模日漸擴大，為獲得更好的供電質量以及穩定性，高性能逆變器被大量研究與開發[1]。逆變器作為直交流轉化關鍵設備，其輸出的電能質量、穩定性直接影響能源轉換效率和負載使用壽命[2]。對逆變器輸出而言，關鍵影響因數包括驅動方式、電路結構以及濾波器，其中濾波器是整個逆變輸出的最后一步，各項參數將直接影響逆變器輸出波形。……