非金屬材料變形場的超聲測量研究

摘" 要： 為了實現(xiàn)對非金屬材料的實時監(jiān)測，判斷并識別其表面結構是否發(fā)生變形或破壞，以便及時采取可靠的預警措施，文中對受外力作用的亞克力板上布置的柔性壓電片的電聲特性進行了詳細分析，搭建了一種可進行外力變形的裝置和一套能進行超聲檢測的傳感器系統(tǒng)。該傳感器彌補了現(xiàn)有非金屬檢測設備成本高、操作復雜、難以實際應用的不足。將多塊柔性壓電片布置在非金屬板上，選取最佳的激勵頻率對其中一塊柔性壓電片進行激勵，通過不斷改變材料形變程度來接收并分析其余柔性壓電片的響應信號。同時在板上模擬了裂縫，檢測該狀態(tài)下的響應信號變化情況。結果表明：當材料發(fā)生形變時，柔性壓電片接收的信號會發(fā)生變化，且與形變的程度相關；而當出現(xiàn)裂縫時，傳播的信號能量會衰減，這種變化和損傷的程度是成正相關的。

關鍵詞： 非金屬材料； 超聲檢測； 變形場； 柔性壓電片； 傳感器； 裂縫

中圖分類號： TN98?34" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻標識碼： A" " " " " " " " " " " "文章編號： 1004?373X（2025）04?0001?09

Research on ultrasonic measurement of deformation field of non?metallic materials

ZHANG Yangke1， 2， JIN Ying3， JIN Weiliang3， QIU Kaijun4， LI Qing1， 2

（1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， China Jiliang University， Hangzhou 310018， China;

2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Disaster Monitoring Technology and Instruments， Hangzhou 310018， China;

3. Zhejiang Institute of Special Equipment Science， Hangzhou 310020， China;

4. Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Inspection， Hangzhou 310015， China）

Abstract： In order to realize real?time monitoring of non?metallic materials， judge and identify whether their surface structures are deformed or damaged， and take reliable warning measures in a timely manner， the electro?acoustic characteristics of the flexible piezoelectric sheet arranged on the acrylic plate subjected to external force are analyzed in detail， and a device that can be deformed by external force and a set of sensor system capable of ultrasonic detection are constructed. The sensor can make up for the shortcomings of the existing non?metallic detection equipment， such as high cost， complex operation， and difficulty in practical application. Multiple flexible piezoelectric sheets are arranged on a non?metallic plate， the optimal excitation frequency is selected to excite one of the flexible piezoelectric sheets， and the response signals of the rest of the flexible piezoelectric sheets are received and analyzed by continuously changing the degree of material deformation. The crack was simulated on the plate to detect the change of response signal in this state. The results show that when the material is deformed， the signal received by the flexible piezoelectric changes can changes and be correlated with the degree of deformation， while when a crack occurs， the transmitted signal energy can decay， and this change is positively correlated with the degree of damage.

Keywords： non?metallic material; ultrasonic testing; deformation field; flexible piezoelectric sheet transducer; sensor; crack

近幾年來，大量由非金屬材料構成的特種設備涌入到了人們的日常生產和生活中，該設備在使用的過程中可能由于內外壓差不同、碰撞等原因而產生變形以致爆炸，所以其安全性受到了極大的關注，需要定期檢測以避免危害[1]。然而目前對非金屬材料應變檢測的技術尚不完善，通常使用電阻應變片的方法，而較少采用適用于金屬材料的渦流檢測方法。文獻[2]使用應變片檢測3D打印的腰形筒的應變問題，雖然此方法靈敏度較高，但需連接電橋電路，而電橋由于電阻阻值的誤差，在初始狀態(tài)下就不處于平衡，后續(xù)誤差只會更大；……