鐵路牽引供電系統中無功補償設備標準性能研究

摘 "要：電氣化鐵路的牽引供電常規采用帶回流線直接供電或AT供電，主要問題為由于電氣化鐵道供電的三相電無法平衡，電力機車會產生部分諧波干擾等現象。該文對電氣化鐵道牽引供電系統主要的無功補償裝置功能進行分析，并對電氣化牽引供電系統電壓、功率及諧波含量等進行分析，對比分析通用無功補償裝置在電氣化鐵路牽引變電所應用的性能。該文還探討晶閘管控制電抗器（TCR）和磁控電抗器（MCR）在鐵路電氣系統中的應用，介紹兩者的原理和技術特點。TCR利用晶閘管控制實現電抗器的電流和電壓調節，具備精確控制和快速響應的特性。MCR通過磁控技術調整電抗器的感性水平，具備穩定性和耐高溫的特點。通過2種設備在鐵路應用中的共同特征與區別，其都在鐵路牽引供電系統中發揮關鍵作用，實現對電流和電壓的調節，以適應不同的運行需求。同時，TCR和MCR均具備數字化控制和智能化運行的潛力，可以通過先進的監控系統實現對整個電氣系統的優化。通過對比分析其在性能、安全性、經濟性和可靠性等方面的異同，為后續鐵路電氣系統中選擇適當的電抗器提供參考思路。

關鍵詞：電氣化鐵路；牽引供電系統；無功補償；功率因數；運營成本

中圖分類號：U223 " " "文獻標志碼：A " " " " "文章編號：2095-2945（2024）20-0123-04

Abstract： The traction power supply of electrified railway usually adopts direct power supply with return line or AT power supply. The main problem is that the three-phase power supply of electrified railway can not be balanced and some harmonic interference will be produced by electric locomotives. This paper analyzes the functions of the main reactive power compensation devices in the electrified railway traction power supply system， and analyzes the voltage， power and harmonic content of the electrified traction power supply system. The application performance of general reactive power compensation device in electrified railway traction substation is compared and analyzed. This paper discusses the application of thyristor controlled reactor （TCR） and magnetically controlled reactor （MCR） in railway electrical system. The principle and technical characteristics of both are introduced. TCR uses thyristor control to adjust the current and voltage of the reactor and has the characteristics of accurate control and fast response. MCR adjusts the inductive level of the reactor through magnetic control technology， which has the characteristics of stability and high temperature resistance. Through the common characteristics and differences of the two kinds of equipment in railway application. They all play a key role in the railway traction power supply system， realizing the regulation of current and voltage to meet different operation needs. At the same time， both TCR and MCR have the potential of digital control and intelligent operation， and the whole electrical system can be optimized through advanced monitoring system. By comparing and analyzing their similarities and differences in performance， safety， economy and reliability， this study provides a reference idea for selecting appropriate reactors in the follow-up railway electrical system.

Keywords： electrified railway; traction power supply system; reactive power compensation; power factor; operating cost

電氣化鐵路作為鐵路運行的重要負荷，給鐵路列車的正常運行提供重要保障。在電氣化鐵路上，電力機車運行從接觸網上取電，為保證鐵路上的機車具備充足的動力在鐵路沿線上設立了多個牽引變電所，由此組成了電力牽引供電系統。……