介詞短語的名詞化用法

英語中，介詞短語通常充當(dāng)定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語，起形容詞或副詞的作用。然而，介詞短語還具備名詞功能，用作主語、賓語和同位語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)量、方式、條件等多種意義。

一、用作主語

In front of the house is warm. 房子前面暖暖的。

Over the fence is out of bounds. 越過籬笆就是界外。

The result is cut and dried， so on purpose or not on purpose doesn’t matter anymore.

結(jié)果已成定局，所以是不是故意的不再重要了。

From nine to ten is my busiest time of day and after lunch is OK.

九點(diǎn)到十點(diǎn)是我一天中最忙的時(shí)間，午飯之后就沒問題。

From words to deeds is a great space — just having a dream is far from enough.

說易行難——僅有夢想是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。

From knowing the truth to destroying a lie is a long step.

從了解真相到戳穿謊言是邁進(jìn)了一大步。

二、用作賓語

（1）用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。例如：

I will give you till tomorrow. 我給你的最后期限是明天。

They discussed on foot to the factory. 他們談?wù)摬叫械焦S去。

Many people considered by train to be cheaper. 許多人認(rèn)為乘火車更便宜。

We reserved beside the exit for the guest. 我們把靠近出口的位置留給了客人。

It is very difficult to see behind the screen. 屏幕后面的地方很難看到。

The new settlers are reclaiming before the forest.

新來的移民正在開墾森林前面的荒地。

（2）用作介詞的賓語。例如：

I intend to sell it for under your price. 我打算以低于你的價(jià)錢把它賣掉。

I won’t go there except at her invitation. 除非她邀請，否則我不會去那里。

We waited until after midnight but he still refused to show up.

我們一直等到午夜之后，但他依然拒絕露面。

From within the flat could be heard the strains of country and western music.

可以聽到從公寓里面?zhèn)鱽淼泥l(xiāng)村和西部音樂的旋律。

三、用作同位語

There is a television station there — at the top of a hill. 那兒山頂上有一家電視臺。

The animals went into the ark two by two， that is to say， in pairs.

這些動(dòng)物兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地，即成對地走進(jìn)這平底船。

All details， from lighting to colors， should be taken into consideration.

所有細(xì)節(jié)，從燈光到顏色，都應(yīng)被考慮到。

From cowherd to carpenter to great artist — this was the course of his grandfather’s life. 從放牛娃到木匠再到偉大的藝術(shù)家——這就是他祖父的人生歷程。

根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子，每空一詞。

（1）夏天在樹下涼快。

In summer， is cool. （under a tree）

（2）早飯前是我的最佳工作時(shí)段。

is when I do my best work. （Before breakfast）

（3）他們認(rèn)為乘飛機(jī)太貴了。

They considered to be too expensive. （by plane）

（4）他說做完那項(xiàng)工作要花三到五個(gè)小時(shí)。

He said it would take to finish the job. （from three to five hours）

（5）這個(gè)架子上的書都在九十美分到五美元之間。

Books on this shelf cost " ". （between ninety cents and five dollars）

（6）一名男子突然從那棵樹后冒出來。

A man suddenly appeared . （from behind the tree）

（7）她從戰(zhàn)前起就一直住在那里。

She has lived there" . （since before the war）

（8）我媽媽熱愛學(xué)習(xí)，什么都看，從報(bào)紙到書籍。

My mother likes to study and reads everything，

. （from newspapers to books）