大棚草莓水肥一體化高效栽培技術(shù)

摘" 要：草莓具有植株矮小、生長周期短、栽培繁殖快及營養(yǎng)價值高等諸多特點，在傳統(tǒng)草莓種植方式上，存在肥水過量施用以及利用率過低等現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)植株營養(yǎng)失調(diào)，果實品質(zhì)下降等問題。水肥一體化栽培技術(shù)能夠通過精準(zhǔn)的水肥灌溉，滿足草莓各個生長階段所需營養(yǎng)，不但節(jié)水節(jié)肥效果顯著，還可有效節(jié)省人工支出，起到增產(chǎn)提質(zhì)的效果。從種苗培育、大棚準(zhǔn)備、定植管理、水肥一體化管理、病蟲害防治等5個方面總結(jié)介紹了大棚草莓水肥一體化栽培技術(shù)，以期為果農(nóng)提供種植參考，提升草莓品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量，增加經(jīng)濟(jì)收益。

關(guān)鍵詞：草莓；水肥一體化；栽培技術(shù)

文章編號：2096-8108（2024）06-0074-03" 中圖分類號：S668.4" 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：B

收稿日期：2024-08-10

第一作者簡介：閆伯前（1975-），女，博士，講師，主要從事園藝種質(zhì)資源研究與利用。

*通信作者：賈紅梅通信地址：山東省東營市廣饒縣樂安大街501號樂安大廈 257300，電話：18554716288

Integrated and Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Water and Fertilizer for Strawberry in Greenhouse

YAN" Boqian1，SONG" Lixia2，DONG" Yuyue3

（1.Beijing Agricultural University， Beijing 102206，China;

2.Larsen Canyon Agricultural Development （Beijing） Co.， Ltd.， Beijing 102200，China;

3.Beijing Forestry University， Beijing 100083，China）

Abstract： Strawberry has many characteristics such as short plant， short growth cycle， fast cultivation and reproduction， and high nutritional value. In the traditional strawberry planting， there are phenomena such as excessive application of fertilizer and water and low utilization rate， resulting in plant nutritional imbalance and fruit quality decline. The integrated water and fertilizer cultivation technology can meet the nutrition needs of strawberry at all growth stages through accurate water and fertilizer irrigation. It not only has a significant effect on water and fertilizer saving， but also can effectively save labor expenditure and increase production and quality. The integrated water and fertilizer cultivation techniques of strawberry in greenhouse were summarized and introduced from five aspects： seedling cultivation， greenhouse preparation， planting management， integrated management of water and fertilizer， and pest control， in order to provide planting reference for fruit growers， improve the quality and yield of strawberry， and increase economic benefits.

Keywords：strawberry; integration of water and fertilizer; cultivation technique

草莓是一種多年生草本植物，富含豐富的維生素、鈣、磷、鐵等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，是消費者喜食的水果。草莓具有植株矮小、生長周期短、栽培繁殖快及營養(yǎng)價值高等諸多特點，在傳統(tǒng)草莓種植方式上，存在肥水過量施用以及利用率過低等現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)植株營養(yǎng)失調(diào)，果實品質(zhì)下降等問題。水肥一體化栽培技術(shù)能夠通過精準(zhǔn)的水肥灌溉，滿足草莓各個生長階段所需營養(yǎng)。實施水肥一體化技術(shù)就是以滴灌系統(tǒng)為載體，將水分和肥料按時定量輸送至植株根部，以滿足草莓生長所需，提高植株生長力，具有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及生態(tài)效益。……