摘" 要:為解決特厚煤層綜放開采煤炭資源回收率低的問題,以不連溝煤礦6號煤層為研究對象,分析影響特厚煤層綜放開采煤炭資源回收率的因素,得出不連溝6號煤冒放性較好,采放高度合理,頂煤夾矸對放煤有一定影響。放煤工藝參數是影響頂煤回收率的主要因素。針對提高頂煤回收率的關鍵因素,提出優化放煤方式、放煤步距參數和精益化放煤技術措施,并進行現場應用,優化后F6207工作面頂煤回收率比原來提升了2.7%,應用效果良好。
關鍵詞:特厚煤層;影響因素;回收率;頂煤;措施
中圖分類號:TD823.49" " " 文獻標志碼:A" " " " " 文章編號:2095-2945(2024)32-0158-04
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low recovery rate of coal resources in the fully mechanized mining of thick coal seams, the factors affecting the recovery rate of coal resources in the fully mechanized mining of thick coal seams were analyzed in the No. 6 coal seam of Bulian Gou Coal Mine. It was found that the No. 6 coal seam has good caving performance, reasonable mining height, and the presence of top coal gangue has a certain impact on coal mining. The coal discharge process parameters are the main factors affecting the top coal recovery rate. Aiming at the key factors to improve the top coal recovery rate, optimized coal discharge methods, coal discharge step parameters, and lean coal discharge technology measures were proposed and applied on site. After optimization, the top coal recovery rate of F6207 working face increased by 2.7% compared to the original, and the application effect was good.
Keywords: extra thick coal seam; influencing factors; rate of recovery; top coal; measures
特厚煤層綜放開采技術發展迅猛,成為特厚煤層高產高效開采的重要方式,并在技術上取得了一系列系統的開創性成果,但對于綜放開采一直面臨的頂煤資源的回收率與含矸率的矛盾的難題始終未有效解決[1-3]。頂煤回收率高的同時,煤的含矸率相對也會增大,特別是特厚煤層放頂煤時,由于頂煤厚度大,還可能存在夾矸,容易造成工作面頂煤破壞差異,當頂煤硬度大、放頂煤工藝參數選取不合理時,頂煤冒放性變差,可能導致煤炭資源的損失。而過度要求高回收率時,頂煤放出含矸率高,煤質變差,經濟效益降低。
針對特厚煤層綜放開采頂煤的冒放性、放煤工藝及提高特厚頂煤的回收率并降低含矸率的難題,很多學者進行了研究,張向陽等[4]通過相似模擬試驗、理論分析和數值模擬等方法,分析了末采期間頂煤回收率低的原因,并提出了爆破切頂工藝改變末采時的應力集中,有效提高煤炭資源回收效率。……