摘要 隨著生活水平的提高以及飲食結構的改變,代謝功能障礙相關脂肪變性肝病(MASLD)已成為世界范圍內最常見的慢性肝病之一。研究表明腸道微生物的改變與代謝綜合征相關,而MASLD被視為代謝綜合征在肝臟中的表現。近年研究發現小腸細菌過度生長(SIBO)與MASLD的發生有關。SIBO可通過腸?肝軸破壞腸黏膜屏障、改變腸道微生物群及其代謝產物,促進MASLD的發生、發展。本文就SIBO和MASLD的研究進展作一綜述。
關鍵詞 代謝功能障礙相關脂肪變性肝病; 小腸細菌過度生長; 脂多糖; 短鏈脂肪酸; 膽汁酸; 膽堿
Advances in Research on Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Metabolic Dysfunction?associated Steatotic Liver Disease HUANG Jiali, WANG Ziteng, TAN Wentao, ZHANG Pengfei, LIU Hong. Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100038)
Correspondence to: LIU Hong, Email: liuhong_sjt@ccmu.edu.cn
Abstract With the improvement of living standard and dietary changes, metabolic dysfunction?associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Studies have shown that alterations in gut microflora are associated with the metabolic syndrome, and MASLD is regarded as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver. In recent years, it has been found that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is closely related to the development of MASLD. SIBO can contribute to MASLD by disrupting the intestinal mucosal barrier through the gut?hepatic axis, and by altering the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic products. This article reviewed the advances in research on SIBO and MASLD.
Key words Metabolic Dysfunction?Associated Steatotic Liver Disease; Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth;
Lipopolysaccharides; Short?Chain Fatty Acids; Bile Acids; Choline
1986年Schaffner等提出了非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non?alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD),其以肝臟脂肪變性為主要特征,無酒精和其他明確的肝損害因素,包括非酒精性脂肪肝[non?alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL),也稱單純性脂肪肝]、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non?alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)、脂肪性肝纖維化、肝硬化,甚至進展為肝癌[1]。目前NAFLD的全球患病率高達25%,也是我國最常見的肝臟疾病之一[2?3]。但由于NAFLD采用的是排除診斷,且其與代謝綜合征及其組成部分,如肥胖、胰島素抵抗、高脂血癥以及高血壓等密切相關,故2020年引入了代謝功能障礙相關脂肪性肝病的名稱[4]。但由于該術語仍存在污名化等不合理性,2023年引入了新術語代謝功能障礙相關脂肪變性肝病(metabolic dysfunction?associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD),并對脂肪肝進行了更精確的分類和診斷。影像學或組織學確診為肝臟脂肪變性,同時符合5種心血管危險因素之一可診斷為MASLD[5]。NASH亦更新術語為代謝功能障礙相關脂肪性肝炎(metabolic dysfunction?associated steatohepatitis, MASH)。然而,MASLD的發病機制至今尚未明確,目前認為其與脂質代謝……