
摘要 本文對紅曲中輔酶Q10的來源、產量提升方法、檢測方法、提取技術及其應用前景進行了綜述,為含輔酶Q10的紅曲生產與應用提供參考。輔酶Q10是紅曲霉的重要代謝產物之一,不僅展現出多種生物活性,還能有效減輕紅曲中他汀類成分的副作用。提高紅曲中輔酶Q10含量的方法主要有優化發酵條件、選育高產菌株。輔酶Q10的測定方法主要有光譜法和色譜法。在提取技術上,主要采用皂化法、超聲波提取法和超臨界萃取法等來提取微生物來源的輔酶Q10。目前微生物來源的輔酶Q10被應用于醫藥、食品和化妝品等領域。
關鍵詞 紅曲;輔酶Q10;產量提升方法;檢測方法;提取技術;應用前景
中圖分類號 TS202 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2024)19-0101-05
DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.19.021
Research progress of coenzyme Q10 in red yeast rice
LIN Jin1 HE Liqin2 ZHOU Kangxi3
(1Minjiang Teachers College, Fuzhou 350109, China;
2Shenzhen Futian District Huaqiang Vocational Technical School, Shenzhen 518000, China;
3Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China)
Abstract The sources, content improvement methods, detection methods, extraction techniques, and application prospects of coenzyme Q10 in red yeast rice were introduced, aiming to provide references for the production and application of red yeast rice containing coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is one of the important metabolites of Monascus, which not only shows a variety of biological activities, but also effectively reduce the side effects of statin components in Monascus. The main methods to increase the content of coenzyme Q10 in red yeast rice are optimizing fermentation conditions and breeding high-yield strains. The main methods for the determination of coenzyme Q10 are spectroscopy and chromatography. In terms of extraction technology, mainly saponification, ultrasonic extraction and supercritical extraction are used to extract coenzyme Q10 from microorganisms. At present, microbial-derived coenzyme Q10 is used in medicine, food and cosmetics.
Keywords red yeast rice; coenzyme Q10; methods for increasing production; detection method; extraction technology; application prospect
紅曲是由紅曲霉接種于梗米上發酵而得。紅曲味甘、微苦、性溫、無毒,具有活血化瘀、健脾燥胃等功效[1]。紅曲功效的發揮離不開其活性成分。研究表明,紅曲中含有紅曲色素、洛伐他汀、麥角甾醇、γ-氨基丁酸、脂肪酸、功能性多糖及抗氧化肽等生物活性物質,在降脂、抗炎等方面功效明顯[2-4]。輔酶Q10是紅曲霉的代謝產物之一,又稱為泛醌10、癸烯醌或維生素Q,在細胞呼吸過程中作為重要的遞氫體參與氧化磷酸化過程,從而促進腺苷三磷酸(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)的合成,因此被稱為天然的能量“加速器”。輔酶Q10能抑制線粒體的過氧化,保護生物膜結構的完整性;此外,還可以通過提高吞噬細胞的吞噬效率、提升T淋巴細胞的功能,促進機體產生抗體,從而增強機體的細胞免疫應答功能。……