英語(yǔ)：書(shū)面表達(dá)題目解析及復(fù)習(xí)建議

一、應(yīng)用文題目解析

2024年高考英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)II卷第46題要求考生化身“李華”，向英國(guó)好友寫(xiě)一封郵件，講述其在公園上美術(shù)課的經(jīng)歷。“李華”的再次出現(xiàn)讓我們意識(shí)到書(shū)信寫(xiě)作依舊是應(yīng)用文考查的重點(diǎn)。

（一）主體分析

該作文題目凸顯了“‘五育’并舉全面發(fā)展”的宗旨，強(qiáng)調(diào)了在實(shí)踐中發(fā)展美育的意圖，使考生在考場(chǎng)寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中不知不覺(jué)自修了一節(jié)美育課程，體現(xiàn)了高考潛移默化的育人功能。

“一節(jié)公園里的美術(shù)課”，這樣的寫(xiě)作背景通俗易懂、真實(shí)親切。“給英國(guó)好友Chris分享完成的作品和感想”，這種半開(kāi)放式題目是出題人的高明之處，也是思維考查的核心，可謂“結(jié)合生活實(shí)際，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)用融合互促”。

高考注重考察思維能力，描寫(xiě)什么可以給閱卷老師留下深刻印象，思考什么可以凸顯出自己正確的三觀，公園里又有些什么可以描繪呢？問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)是拓寬思路的第一步。公園里不僅有樹(shù)木湖泊、花鳥(niǎo)魚(yú)蟲(chóng)、小橋流水，還可以有鍛煉身體的老年人、撿拾垃圾踐行環(huán)保的兒童等。此外，高考還要考查學(xué)生是否具備堅(jiān)實(shí)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力以及綜合運(yùn)用能力。所以，如何用詞行文是下一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。

（二）段落規(guī)劃

題目中已經(jīng)給出書(shū)信的格式和開(kāi)頭，需要考生重視補(bǔ)寫(xiě)文段與所給文段的銜接，同時(shí)要選取好自己想要描繪的內(nèi)容，構(gòu)思好對(duì)應(yīng)的感悟。

（三）下水作文

Dear Chris，

I am writing to share with you an art class I had in the park last Friday. The seemingly simple experi原ence left me a very pleasant memory.

That day hardly had we arrived at the park when our art teacher asked us to find the most impressive scene and depict it on the drawing paper. Very soon my attention was attracted by a pair of white swans， which were swimming back and forth idly on the sur原face of the lake regardless of the up -and -down passers-by on the bank. So carefree were they that I even envied their relaxed life. Instantly I fished out my pen and drew the sight down.

Now the picture of this painting is attached to this email， with my hope that it can also offer you a peaceful and satisfied mood.

Yours，

Li Hua

（四）寫(xiě)作建議

一是審題：判斷寫(xiě)作文體，關(guān)注目的對(duì)象，實(shí)施真實(shí)寫(xiě)作；二是草稿：思考段落架構(gòu)，串接要點(diǎn)素材，使用豐富詞句；三是檢查：是否符合題目，是否內(nèi)容連貫，是否拼寫(xiě)正確；四是謄抄：抄寫(xiě)避免錯(cuò)誤，首先注意美觀，也要留神時(shí)間。

二、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)題目解析

第47題要求考生閱讀材料后，根據(jù)內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)。

（一）文章概要

On a cold， wet evening in September， after my plane touched down in Vienna behind the time I took a taxi in a hurry for fear that I couldn’t catch up with the bus to Prague. Though we made it to the bus stop， I had no money to pay for the fare.

（二）續(xù)寫(xiě)構(gòu)想

從續(xù)寫(xiě)第二段開(kāi)頭可知：四天后，“我”返回維也納時(shí)，依據(jù)約定給Gunter打了電話(huà)。那么，二人之前是陌生人，唯一的交集就是“我”乘坐他的出租車(chē)后無(wú)法付費(fèi)，所以四天后約見(jiàn)是為了付費(fèi)。

那么第一段的續(xù)寫(xiě)方向是什么呢？這里給大家提供三種思路：第一，“我”主動(dòng)請(qǐng)求四天后結(jié)束會(huì)議返回維也納時(shí)還錢(qián)，Gunter同意。第二，Gunter主動(dòng)提出下次見(jiàn)面再付并約好四天后見(jiàn)面。第三，Gunter提出不必付錢(qián)了，“我”雖感激，但提出四天后返回時(shí)再付，Gunter同意。

而第二段的寫(xiě)作思路應(yīng)該比較一致：見(jiàn)面后，“我”表示感謝并且付了車(chē)錢(qián)。升華的方向可以是：The kindness from strangers makes the world warmer and more beautiful.

整體來(lái)看，這篇讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容明確、邏輯清晰，比較容易得出結(jié)尾的升華方向。

（三）下水作文

I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. Awkward and hesitant， I forced myself to look him in his eye， breathing heavily and saying“Uh -huh... Gunter， I know this is a bit much for you， but since the machine is not working， would it be fine to pay you the money four days later？”His smile gave way to a look of concern. An embarrassing silence fell be原tween us. After what seemed a century， he said in a reassuring tone，“Oh， that’s fine！Wait a minute.”He took out his wallet and handed me some money，“Go catch your bus！”I boarded the bus， smiling and waving him goodbye.

Four days later， when I was back in Vienna， I called Gunter as promised. By appointment， we met at the same bus station. Upon seeing him again， I was just beside myself， too overjoyed to utter a syllable. Along with the money I owed to him， I presented him with a gift as a gesture of gratitude. He admitted that he didn’t anticipate to meet me again. He fished out the little phone once again， beaming a smile，“Let’s take a picture， my friend！”Till today， every time I see the photo， I think of the cold， wet and unforget原table evening when a stranger offered his trust and kindness！

（四）寫(xiě)作建議

不拐彎抹角，兩段要直接銜接；不啰哩啰唆，行文要詳略得當(dāng)；不長(zhǎng)篇對(duì)話(huà)，情節(jié)要合理推動(dòng)；不新增人物，描寫(xiě)要分清主次；不單純說(shuō)事，描寫(xiě)要顯出積累；不強(qiáng)行升華，結(jié)尾要自然正能。

三、書(shū)面表達(dá)復(fù)習(xí)建議

多種類(lèi)型多積累，經(jīng)典范文勤記憶。對(duì)于應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作而言，要注重積累不同類(lèi)型的文章，且每類(lèi)文章的范文至少積累三篇，以便更完善地了解其寫(xiě)作手法。其次就是多多朗讀、認(rèn)真記憶，掌握一些必要的開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾交際功能句。讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)方面則要注重積累寫(xiě)作手法，遇到好的范文也要認(rèn)真研究其情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)、用詞用句、結(jié)尾方式等。同時(shí)，可關(guān)注完形填空和讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)題目中好的寫(xiě)作手法并記錄在案，多多學(xué)習(xí)。

實(shí)操多練長(zhǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，千錘百煉強(qiáng)自信。“Practice makes perfect.”只有在實(shí)踐中不斷摸索體會(huì)，才能練就嫻熟的寫(xiě)作技能。練習(xí)應(yīng)用文時(shí)要涉及多樣的話(huà)題內(nèi)容。而讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)則要多閱讀有著不同升華方向的文章，在練習(xí)中強(qiáng)化寫(xiě)作技巧，達(dá)到與續(xù)寫(xiě)原文主題、情節(jié)和語(yǔ)言協(xié)調(diào)一致的境界。

（作者單位：太原市第五中學(xué)校）

責(zé)任編輯蘆嘯坤