摘 要:2016年9月,國際檔案理事會(huì)檔案著錄專家組發(fā)布《背景中的文件-檔案著錄概念模型》,提出檔案著錄要從多級(jí)著錄轉(zhuǎn)向多維著錄。文章使用內(nèi)容分析法明確了多維著錄的內(nèi)涵,并對(duì)其意義做出闡釋,厘清了多維著錄的概念實(shí)然。并以發(fā)展的視角深入分析了多維著錄的出現(xiàn)原因,即從斯科特的文件系列思想到新來源原則對(duì)檔案著錄的批判和指導(dǎo),再到文化遺產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域資源整合需求的共同影響,闡明了多維著錄轉(zhuǎn)向的應(yīng)然緣由,從概念實(shí)然與緣由應(yīng)然兩方面把握了多維著錄的轉(zhuǎn)向邏輯。
關(guān)鍵詞:多維著錄;多級(jí)著錄;內(nèi)容分析法;文件系列;來源原則
分類號(hào):G272.6
Reality and Necessity: an Initial Exploration of the Turning Logic of Multidimensional Archival Description
Zhang Hao, Ayaguzi-Yeerqiete
( School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management of Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 )
Abstract: In September 2016, ICA Expert Group on Archival Description released Records in Contexts: Conceptual Model, which proposes that archival description should be shifted from multilevel description to multidimensional description. The article uses content analysis to clarify the connotation of multidimensional description and explain their significance, clarifying the conceptual reality of multidimensional description. It also analyzes the reasons for the emergence of multidimensional records from the perspective of development, from Scott’s idea of record series to the criticism and guidance of the new principle of provenance on archives to the common influence of the demand for resource integration in the field of cultural heritage, and the reasons for the shift to multidimensional description are clarified, which profoundly grasps the logic of the shift to multidimensional description in terms of conceptual realities and contingent reasons.
Keywords: Multidimensional Description; Multilevel Cataloging; Content Analysis Method; Record Series; Principle of Provenance
檔案著錄實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種智力控制活動(dòng),體現(xiàn)了檔案工作者對(duì)著錄對(duì)象的全方位把握。1992年,第十二屆國際檔案大會(huì)上確立了檔案的多級(jí)著錄原則(multilevel description);2016年9月,國際檔案理事會(huì)檔案著錄專家工作組(ICA Expert Group on Archival Description,ICA-EGAD)發(fā)布了《背景中的文件-檔案著錄概念模型》(Records in Contexts Conceptual Model,RiCCM)的征求意見稿,正式提出檔案多維著錄原則(multidimensional description),并強(qiáng)調(diào)RiC- CM實(shí)現(xiàn)了檔案多級(jí)著錄向多維著錄的轉(zhuǎn)向[1]。 然而,RiC-CM中并未對(duì)多維著錄的概念作清晰解釋,也并未從理論角度闡釋這種著錄轉(zhuǎn)向的深層次原因,這在一定程度上會(huì)阻礙新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的推廣。我國新版《檔案著錄規(guī)則》(DA/T 18—2022)現(xiàn)仍遵循多級(jí)著錄原則,相信在將來其也將順應(yīng)國際著錄規(guī)則轉(zhuǎn)向的趨勢而轉(zhuǎn)變。因此,筆者試圖從多維著錄的概念實(shí)然和著錄轉(zhuǎn)向的緣由應(yīng)然出發(fā),探索著錄轉(zhuǎn)向的邏輯,為檔案著錄的多維實(shí)踐提供明確的理論解釋。……