摘 要:檔案數(shù)字監(jiān)管是將數(shù)字技術(shù)與檔案監(jiān)督管理充分結(jié)合的新模式,是檔案事業(yè)治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化探索的重要組成。文章系統(tǒng)介紹了美國(guó)國(guó)家檔案與文件署在檔案人員、檔案信息、檔案工作和檔案機(jī)構(gòu)等方面的數(shù)字監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的公民參與得到了保障,監(jiān)管法治能同步跟進(jìn),監(jiān)管科技被積極運(yùn)用;結(jié)合實(shí)際,認(rèn)為我國(guó)應(yīng)強(qiáng)化檔案監(jiān)管中的數(shù)字協(xié)同治理,關(guān)注監(jiān)管中的法治新對(duì)象,以及重視監(jiān)管中的技術(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng)。
關(guān)鍵詞:檔案數(shù)字監(jiān)管;監(jiān)管實(shí)踐;參與;協(xié)同
分類號(hào):G279.3
Practice and Enlightenment of NARA on Digital Supervision of Archives
Xu Xinyou1, Mu Xiaowen2
( 1. College of Society and History, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 530117; 2.College of Management, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi 530006 )
Abstract: Digital supervision of archives is a new model that fully integrates digital technology with archival supervision and management, which is an important component of the modernization exploration of the archival governance system and governance capabilities. This paper systematically introduces NARA’s digital supervision experience in archival personnel, archival information, archival undertakings, and archival institutions, and finds that citizen participation is guaranteed, the rule of law in supervision can be followed up synchronously, and the technology of supervision is actively applied. Based on reality, it is believed that China should strengthen digital collaborative governance in archival supervision, pay attention to new objects of rule of law in supervision, and pay attention to technology-driven supervision.
Keywords: Digital Supervision of Archives; Regulatory Practices; Participation; Coordination
2020年修訂的《中華人民共和國(guó)檔案法》(下文簡(jiǎn)稱“新《檔案法》”)增列了“監(jiān)督檢查”和“檔案信息化建設(shè)”兩章的規(guī)制條款,凸顯二者的重要性。而《“十四五”全國(guó)檔案事業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》(下文簡(jiǎn)稱《“十四五”規(guī)劃》)直接提出要“健全‘互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+監(jiān)管’手段,建立檔案數(shù)字治理新模式”。這足以說(shuō)明在數(shù)字時(shí)代,加強(qiáng)檔案數(shù)字監(jiān)管,是適應(yīng)檔案事業(yè)治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的題中之意。關(guān)于相關(guān)問(wèn)題的探討,在理論層面,已有學(xué)者從系統(tǒng)論[1]、平臺(tái)論[2]、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)論[3]、機(jī)制論[4]等視角提出了部分解決思路。在實(shí)踐層面上,常熟市檔案局早在2016年就試運(yùn)行了“檔案信息化行政監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)”,杭州市檔案局正嘗試打造“市域一體化監(jiān)管平臺(tái)——杭州檔案工作智治門戶”[5]。但總體而言,相關(guān)研究仍偏少,檔案行政監(jiān)管亟須以“數(shù)字賦能”提升監(jiān)管效能。[6]
相較之下,自美國(guó)國(guó)家 檔案與文件署(The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration,簡(jiǎn)稱NARA)在1994年3月發(fā)布“電子郵件管理規(guī)范征求意見稿”至今,就延續(xù)著對(duì)電子郵件類檔案的定期檢查,認(rèn)為此做法利于公務(wù)執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督與審計(jì)。……