上饒： 打擊生態犯罪　護航綠色發展

“看，左前方有好幾只江豚！”似乎是聽到了巡護員的聲音，一只只江豚應聲從湖面躍起又迅速潛入湖面。

“春夏季是鄱陽湖的豐水期，江豚一般擴散分布，我們周邊預計有十來只江豚，這些年江豚眼見是越來越多了！”巡護員毛啟國祖祖輩輩都是漁民，2018年，他響應號召“洗腳上岸”，成為鄱陽縣江豚保護隊的一員，說起江豚，不善言辭的他就打開了話匣子。江豚是國家一級保護野生動物，鄱陽湖是其最重要的棲息地之一。

“您已進入江豚保護區，請低速行駛。”隨著巡邏艇駛入上饒市鄱陽縣江豚保護區，岸邊和山頭上時不時可見江豚保護標語和海報。據毛啟國介紹，大船和船速過高掀起的巨浪會對江豚造成影響，噪聲也會干擾江豚對周圍環境的判斷，因此，在江豚保護區，過往船只的大小和速度都有限制。他的任務是觀察江豚的數量和生存情況，枯水期，要注意觀察是否有江豚擱淺。

十年禁漁以來，鄱陽湖的魚類數量和種類呈恢復態勢，為江豚和候鳥等野生動物提供了豐富的覓食選擇。根據2023年12月發布的《中國湖泊生態環境研究報告——鄱陽湖》，中國科學院的觀測數據，鄱陽湖江豚數量已上升至700余頭。

打擊生態環境領域犯罪 維護湖區生態安全

鄱陽縣蓮湖鄉是鄱陽湖中的一個島鄉，四面環水，漁業資源豐富。2022年，村民毛某長等11人在明知鄱陽湖十年禁漁的情況下，仍然在鄱陽湖無念島附近水域使用漁網、漁船等捕撈漁獲物34次，共計獲利8萬余元。案發后，毛某長等人積極繳納生態修復金共計15.141萬元。2023年10月18日，上述11人分別被判處有期徒刑或拘役。在偵辦該案的過程中，民警以案釋法，聯合龍口江豚保護基地為當地村民上法治課，講解非法捕撈的危害、需要承擔的法律后果等，增強村民環保和守法意識。

據上饒市公安局食品藥品與環境犯罪偵查支隊長鐘文軍介紹，2023年以來，上饒公安縱深推進“昆侖”“春雷”“平安水域”等專項行動，始終把打擊非法采砂、非法捕撈等違法犯罪作為湖區治理主攻方向，全面凈化水上治安環境。2023年，通過各部門、警種間協作配合，組建“打擊非法捕撈”工作專班，深挖徹查、追根溯源，實施岸上岸下、線上線下全鏈條打擊涉水違法犯罪，確保打深打透打徹底。

針對湖區點多面廣的特點，鄱陽公安運用光電雷達技術，通過對水上過往船只的實時抓拍和自動研判，實現對進入鄱陽縣水域要素的全智能管控。據鄱陽縣公安局水警大隊長祝光勝介紹，2023年8月5日，平臺運行以來，共錄入各類數據23065條，預警信息22065條，發現違法犯罪線索1800余條，發現釣魚人員1766人次，查處違法犯罪案件40起，推送給其他部門1700余起，實現了以信息引導湖區治理工作，通過智能預警，最大限度擠壓了水上違法犯罪空間。

鄱陽湖不同季節與年份的生態環境均有差異。秋冬季節，鄱陽湖枯水期，水位大面積下降，魚類會聚集在少部分水域范圍內。為防止出現徒手摸魚撿魚等情況，鄱陽縣公安局水警大隊將執法船24小時駐守在鄱陽湖核心水域，派駐民、輔警日夜輪流值班，通過“步巡+車巡+船巡+視頻巡+無人機巡”方式，加強對重點路段、水域和入湖口等地巡邏。同時，聯合農業農村、市管等部門，開展“零點”“清江清湖”等一系列行動，地毯式清查“三無”船舶、非法漁網漁具，拉網式檢查農貿市場、餐飲店和漁具店。

圩堤上的漁鳥保護派出所

“你好，停車檢查。”在鄱陽湖余干縣康山的堤壩上，一輛即將進入湖區的皮卡被卡口攔停檢查后備廂。這處卡口由鄱陽湖漁鳥生態保護派出所與漁政執法人員聯合設卡，檢查是否攜帶禁用漁具等違規用品進入湖區，以及是否非法攜帶野生動物駛出湖區。

鄱陽湖漁鳥生態保護派出所成立于2020年11月，是江西省首個以“漁鳥”命名的派出所，7名民警和20余名輔警長年駐扎在湖邊，把派出所搬上了圩堤。

針對鄱陽湖水域面積大、漁業資源足、越冬候鳥多的特點，漁鳥生態保護派出所先后投資3000余萬元，建成以雷達系統、光電系統、自動識別系統（AIS）為主要探測感知的鄱陽湖智慧生態管控平臺，融合3座雷達，4座定速巡航無人機場，6路高空瞭望，7架光電，966路智能天網監控、雪亮工程、卡口監控等視頻監控資源，對鄱陽湖、信江水面實行無死角、全覆蓋、透煙雨霧霾、夜視全天24小時智能感知。通過綜合處理雷達、光電、自動識別系統（AIS）、無人機、視頻監控等數據，具備了多元融合處理、大數據分析、智能研判預警、視頻聯動取證、快速追蹤處置等功能，實現轄區水陸智慧監管。

“所里每天沿重點水域湖岸線，分時段、分批次、不定點開展水上、路面車船巡護，規范湖區垂釣，防范夜間偷捕；秋冬旱季尤其加密對遷徙候鳥的巡護力度和頻次，及時清理裸露草洲上的廢棄漁網漁具和生活垃圾，有效減少人為活動對越冬候鳥的干擾，保障候鳥棲息地安全。”漁鳥保護派出所所長鄭錦介紹道。

春夏季節，大批的候鳥已經飛離鄱陽湖，而民警的工作卻絲毫不敢松懈。

“鄱陽湖不同季節和年份的水文情況差異很大，有些地方今年是淤泥淤積點，明年也許就不是了。目前是豐水期，我們白天巡邏時會用手機應用軟件（App）標注路線，標出重點水域的深淺和淤泥淤積情況，自己踏查出一條水路來。晚上行船不能開燈，否則會反光，更無法看清水面情況，打擊夜間的非法捕撈、偷獵候鳥等案件難度會比較大。”說起湖面的巡邏和執法困難，鄭錦介紹起了所里民警探索出的經驗。

涉湖的案件，很多線索在岸上。派出所民警以“查水上、查岸線、查捕撈、查運輸、查經營”為手段，緊盯重點人群、關鍵環節和高發水域，全面加大巡查執法力度，有針對性地開展專項執法和聯合執法行動，嚴厲打擊“電、毒、炸”等非法捕撈和違規垂釣，生產、銷售禁用漁具，以及銷售、加工非法漁獲物等行為；堅持全流程、全環節、全鏈條溯源打擊，特別是嚴厲打擊組織化、團伙化、鏈條化的非法捕撈、運輸、銷售犯罪行為。

在打擊涉湖犯罪的同時，派出所還承擔起了生態保護和救助的職責。余干縣公安局于2023年10月在漁鳥生態保護派出所成立珍貴瀕危野生動物臨時救助站，聘請林業部門專業工作人員常駐，配備應急救護相關藥品裝備，依法依規開展受傷、受困、病弱野生候鳥收容救護工作。候鳥季持續開展常態化巡護工作，確保做到第一時間發現、第一時間救助、第一時間放飛。對于亟需轉醫的病重候鳥，派出所及時安排民輔警將其移送至上饒、南昌等上級相關救助單位，合力救護越冬候鳥。

截至目前，已成功救助小天鵝13只、東方白鸛3只、蒼鷺1只、灰鶴1只。“這些救助過程我們都留下了資料，正準備在救助站旁邊開一個宣傳展室，這樣周圍的村民，尤其是孩子們可以來看看，希望他們從小樹立保護候鳥和鄱陽湖的理念。”說起這個計劃，鄭錦的臉上泛起了笑容。

（責任編輯：古靜）

Dedicated to Eco-greening of the Yangtze River

Written by Zhang Minjiao， Gu Jing

Reported by Zeng Fangzhou， Chen Chang

"Some finless porpoises over there！" It was the call of a patrol guard. When we looked to the front left， a few finless porpoises leap out of water and then back into the lake.

"During the high water seasons of spring and summer， finless porpoises usually spread all over Poyang Lake. There are a dozen around. Over the years their population has grown apparently，" says patrol guard Mao Qiguo， whose family had lived by fishing for generations. In 2018， in response to the national call for a fishing ban， he gave up fishing and joined the finless porpoise conservation task force of Poyang County， Shangrao City， Jiangxi Province. Wordless as he is， Mao becomes voluble when it comes to finless porpoises. Poyang Lake is one of these porpoise's most important habitats under China's first-class protection.

"Please slow down in the finless porpoise nature reserve！" Signboards and posters with this reminder are found everywhere along the shores and hills as the patrol boat steers into the nature reserve. According to Mao， fast boats， large and small， can make huge waves and loud noises that could disturb finless porpoise's judgment of water conditions. Hence the speed limit. Mao's duty is to observe the population and living conditions of these freshwater mammals and watch against them becoming stranded in the dry seasons.

Thanks to the 10-year fishing ban， there has been an evident recovery of the fish population and diversity in Poyang Lake. Available to finless porpoises， migratory birds， and other wild animals are abundant food resources. According to data from the "Research Reports on Ecology and Environment of Lakes in China – Poyang Lake" issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in December 2023， the number of finless porpoises in the lake has topped 700.

Fighting Crimes for Ecological Safety

An island in Poyang Lake， Lianhu Township of Poyang County， abounds with fishery resources. In 2022， a villager surnamed Mao and 10 other locals used boats and nets to fish 34 times in the waters near Wunian Island， regardless of the 10-year fishing ban， illicitly pocketing more than 80，000 yuan. After the case was uncovered， the 11 suspects paid 151，410 yuan compensation for the ecological damage. On October 18， 2023， they were respectively sentenced to several years in jail or criminal detention. During the investigations， the police force， in collaboration with the Longkou Finless Porpoise Conservation Base， elaborated on the harm of illegal fishing and the consequences of law violations to enhance villagers' environmental and legal awareness.

From 2023 onwards， the police force in Shangrao City has initiated multiple special operations and given priority to combating unlawful sand excavation and fishing， and enhancing the governance and public security of the lake region， says Zhong Wenjun， chief of the food， drug and environmental crimes division under the Shangrao Public Security Bureau. In 2023， various departments and police officers joined efforts to establish a task force to conduct thorough investigations and work， online and offline in and around the lake to prevent illegal activities.

Because the lake is so large， officers have introduced photoelectric sensor technology to monitor passing boats in real time and make autonomous judgments so that every boat entering the waters of Poyang County can be brought under intelligent control. Since it was put in place on August 5， 2023， the technology has yielded fruitful results. 23065 data entries have been recorded， with over 22065 pre-warning messages generated， over 1800 crime clues detected， and around 1766 people caught fishing illegally， nearly 40 criminal cases addressed， and almost 1700 cases transferred to relevant departments. The information technology and intelligent detection help minimize the chance of crimes in the waters.

The ecological environment of Poyang Lake varies with the season and the year. In the dry seasons of fall and winter， shoals of fish are confined to a few dwindled water areas. To prevent fishing， the water police squad of the Public Security Bureau in Poyang County deploys their patrol boat around the clock in the core area of Poyang Lake. Civil and auxiliary police officers also patrol the region on foot， by car， boat， and via drone and webcams， especially the key waterways， water areas and lake entrances. They also collaborate with urban and rural management authorities to launch operations to eliminate unregistered boats and illegal fishing gear， and carry out close and regular inspections of farmers' markets， restaurants， and fishing gear shops.

The Police Station for Preserving Fish and Birds

"Please stop for a check！" said a police officer at the checkpoint near Poyang Lake when a pickup truck was trying to enter the lake region through the dam road in Kangshan Township of Yugan County. Jointly set up by the Police Station for Preserving the Ecology of Fishes and Birds in Poyang Lake and fisheries law enforcement officers， the checkpoint is designed to prohibit any fishing gear getting in and any wild animals getting out.

Founded in November 2020， the police station is the first in Jiangxi Province to deal with fish and birds. Seven civil and 20 auxiliary police officers live on the shores of the lake all year round， dedicating their lives to nature conservancy.

Since Poyang Lake has vast fishery resources and many migratory birds， the police station has invested more than 30 million yuan in constructing an intelligent ecology management and control platform with radar， optoelectronic， and automatic identification systems for detection purposes. Consisting of three radars， four drone runways， six observation towers， seven pieces of photoelectric equipment， one real-time intelligent monitoring center， and numerous cameras at all entrances， the platform helps realize 24-hour， all-weather remote supervision of every corner of Poyang Lake as well as the reaches of Xinjiang River within the nature reserve. By pooling and processing the data from monitoring devices like automatic identification system， the platform integrates the functions of multi-dimensional signal processing， big data analysis， intelligent judgment and pre-warning， and video-based evidence extraction. The platform also uses fast tracking and identification， enabling the intelligent monitoring of areas in and around the lake.

"Every day， we patrol the key water areas and shores in shifts， but without fixed routes， to regulate angling behaviors and deter night poaching. In the dry season， we implement closer monitoring of wintering migratory birds and clean up abandoned fishing nets and tools as well as debris on grassy shoals to minimize the disturbance to these birds and ensure the safety of their habitats，" says Zheng Jin， chief of the police station.

In spring and summer， migratory birds will leave Poyang Lake， but the civil police officers never slack off on their work.

"Hydrological conditions vary enormously from season to season and year to year in Poyang Lake. Some places might be blocked with silt in one year， but change completely in the next. Now， in the high water period， we use a mobile app to mark some routes， the depth of key water areas and the volume of siltation during our daytime patrol to blaze a waterway on our own. At night， our boat has to turn off all lights to avoid the reflection of beams， which complicates our fight against illegal fishing and bird poaching in the dark as a result of the poor visibility on the water's surface，" Zheng introduces his experience with patrols and law enforcement.

For most criminal cases on the lake， the clues can be traced to the shores. By inspecting water areas， shorelines， fishing activities， transport vehicles， and even related companies， the police officers fix their eyes on key groups， links， and areas， and intensify their law enforcement by collaborating with other authorities. They crack down on illegal fishing and angling with electrocution， poison， and dynamite， stop the production and sale of prohibited fishing gear， and curb the processing and sale of illegally caught fish. Adhering to a holistic approach to eradicate the causes of criminal behaviors， they focused on the organized crimes of fish poaching， unlawful transport， and trafficking.

Beyond crime fighting， the police station also shoulders the duties of ecological protection and wildlife aid. In October 2023， the Public Security Bureau of Yugan County set up a first-aid center for rare and endangered wild animals at the police station. Equipped with first-aid kits and professionals from forestry departments， the center shelters and saves injured， trapped or sick migratory birds. During the migration season， the center's members make regular patrols to ensure the earliest possible discovery， aid and release of such birds. In case of serious illness， the police station will， without any delay， transfer these birds to the better-equipped rescue centers in Shangrao or Nanchang for proper treatment.

To date， the station has rescued 13 cygnets， 3 white storks， 1 gray heron， and 1 crane. "These rescue operations have been recorded in written and visual forms. We are mulling a compact exhibition room by the first-aid center for communication purposes so that locals， especially children， can access these texts， photos and video clips and develop an awareness of protecting migratory birds and Poyang Lake，" Zheng spoke of his plan with a smile flashing across his face.

（ Translated by Zhang Yanzhou ）