





摘要:針對機器人在組裝和生產過程中, 由于幾何參數存在一定誤差, 使連桿以及關節處等不可避免地出現細微差別, 對機器人運動精度產生一定影響問題, 提出了基于改進權函數距離的機器人運動偏差補償算法設計方案。在定位機器人位置前添加扭角, 獲取機器人兩坐標系間轉換矩陣, 根據線性標定計算機器人運動定位的絕對誤差, 利用改進權函數建立機器人距離誤差數學模型, 初步補償運動誤差。計算機器人末端執行器中心點位置和姿態的偏差, 將補償問題轉化成機器人運動優化問題, 得出運動偏差優化問題目標函數, 經多次迭代得出最終補償結果。實驗結果表明, 所提方法的誤差補償效果佳, 重心補償后的機器人運行穩定性好。
關鍵詞:改進權函數; 機器人; 運動偏差; 偏差補償; 運動偏差辨識; 最小二乘法; 極大似然估計法; 絕對定位偏差
中圖分類號: TP242 文獻標志碼: A
Design of Robot Motion Error Compensation Algorithm Based on Improved Weight Function Distance
LI Xiaomeia, HUANG Jianyonga, ZHANG Zezhib
(a. Educational Equipment and Information Technology Center, Qingdao Education Bureau, Qingdao 266071, China;b. Laoshan District Education and Sports Bureau, Qingdao Education Bureau, Qingdao 266309, China)
Abstract:In the process of assembly and production, due to certain errors in geometric parameters, the linkage and joints will inevitably have slight differences, resulting in some errors when the robot operates. In order to reduce the influence of environment on robot motion accuracy, a design scheme of robot motion error compensation algorithm based on improved weight function distance is proposed. The twist angle is added before positioning the robot position to obtain the transformation matrix between the two coordinate systems of the robot. The absolute error of the robot motion positioning is calculated according to the linear calibration. The mathematical model of the robot distance error is established using the improved weight function, and preliminarily compensate the motion error. The deviation of the center point position and attitude of the robot end effector is calculated. The compensation problem is transformed into the robot motion optimization problem, and the objective function of the motion deviation optimization problem is obtained. The final compensation result is obtained through multiple iterations. The experimental results show that the error compensation effect of the proposed method is good, and the motion stability of the robot after center of gravity compensation is good.
Key words:improved weight function; robot; motion deviation; deviation compensation; motion deviation identification; least square method; maximum likelihood estimation; absolute positioning deviation
0 引 言
機器人在工業生產和人們生活中都有較為廣闊的應用前景, 其在智能算法控制下可替代人力無法完成的精密勞動, 具有高精度作業以及高效率工作的特點[1-2]。其中機器人的運行精度直接關系其工作質量, 因此在精度較高的工業生產中, 機器人自身運行精度尤為重要, 高質量的機器人運動是提高生產精度的關鍵。機器人是工業中主要的制造載體, 優點是工作范圍大且適應性強, 可迅速適應不同的場景進行作業, 并且機器人與其他智能設備相比其靈活性更高, 因此在大型制造業中具有更大的發揮空間。……