僵尸企業(yè)抑制了城市創(chuàng)業(yè)的量和質(zhì)嗎

賀祥民 賴永劍 何興濤

摘要：文章基于地級(jí)及以上城市工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，考察了僵尸企業(yè)對(duì)城市創(chuàng)業(yè)活躍度和創(chuàng)業(yè)質(zhì)量的影響，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，僵尸企業(yè)比例的提高對(duì)提升城市創(chuàng)業(yè)活躍度和創(chuàng)業(yè)質(zhì)量均產(chǎn)生了顯著的抑制作用，且對(duì)提升創(chuàng)業(yè)質(zhì)量的抑制作用更強(qiáng)。進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，僵尸企業(yè)對(duì)西部城市、更低級(jí)別城市的創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)抑制作用更明顯；國(guó)有僵尸企業(yè)比民營(yíng)僵尸企業(yè)對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)的抑制作用更明顯。影響機(jī)制檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，僵尸企業(yè)通過融資約束、創(chuàng)新擠出和資源配置等路徑抑制了創(chuàng)業(yè)行為。今后，政府應(yīng)盡量減少對(duì)國(guó)有僵尸企業(yè)的過度保護(hù)，西部地區(qū)城市和級(jí)別更低城市的政府還應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)僵尸企業(yè)的有效處置和治理，建立健全僵尸企業(yè)退出機(jī)制，營(yíng)造更為健康的城市創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，助推城市創(chuàng)業(yè)量和質(zhì)的提升。

關(guān)鍵詞：僵尸企業(yè)；創(chuàng)業(yè)活躍度；創(chuàng)業(yè)質(zhì)量

中圖分類號(hào)：F273 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A?????? 文章編號(hào)：1007-8576（2024）02-0061-09

DOI：10.16716/j.cnki.65-1030/f.2024.02.006

Do Zombie Companies Inhibit Quantity and Quality of

Urban Entrepreneurship

HE Xiangmin， LAI Yongjian， HE Xingtao

（Nanchang Institute of Technology， Nanchang 330099， China）

Abstract：? Based on data from industrial enterprises in cities at or above the prefecture level， this paper examines the impact of zombie enterprises on the activity and quality of urban entrepreneurship. The research finds that the degree of urban zombie has a significant inhibitory effect on the entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial quality of cities. Comparatively speaking， the degree of zombification has a greater inhibitory effect on entrepreneurial quality than entrepreneurial activity. Further research shows that zombie enterprises have a more prominent inhibitory effect on entrepreneurial activities in western cities and lower-level cities. State-owned zombie enterprises have more obvious inhibitory effect on urban entrepreneurship than private zombie enterprises. The influence mechanism shows that zombie enterprises inhibit entrepreneurship through financing constraint effect， innovation crowding out effect and resource allocation distortion effect. In the future， the government should minimize the excessive protection of state-owned zombie enterprises， and the governments of cities in the western region and cities with lower urban levels should further strengthen the effective disposal and management of urban zombie enterprises， establish and improve the exit mechanism of zombie enterprises， create a healthier urban entrepreneurial environment， and promote the improvement of the "quantity" and "quality" of urban entrepreneurship.

Key words： zombie enterprises; entrepreneurial activity; entrepreneurial quality

一、問題的提出

創(chuàng)業(yè)能夠助推就業(yè)、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)有利于塑造經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能［1］。近年來，在中央及各級(jí)政府的大力推動(dòng)下，大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)持續(xù)向更大范圍、更高層次和更深程度推進(jìn)，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)換新舊動(dòng)能、推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)、促進(jìn)就業(yè)、改善民生等發(fā)揮了重要作用。因此，系統(tǒng)分析創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的影響因素，有助于進(jìn)一步提升創(chuàng)業(yè)活躍度和創(chuàng)業(yè)質(zhì)量，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

近年來，學(xué)界對(duì)僵尸企業(yè)給予了很多關(guān)注。“僵尸企業(yè)指喪失自我發(fā)展能力，必須依賴非市場(chǎng)因素即政府補(bǔ)貼或銀行續(xù)貸來維持生存的企業(yè)。……