國家雪車雪橇中心，北京，中國

2024-03-24 05:49:44中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

世界建筑 2024年3期

中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

1 西大莊科村遙望雪游龍Sketch of distant view

客戶：北京北控京奧建設(shè)有限公司

主創(chuàng)建筑師：李興鋼

建筑面積：52,500m2

設(shè)計(jì)時間：2017.01-2018.05

竣工時間：2021.06

繪圖：劉紫騏，袁智敏，等

攝影：孫海霆，張玉婷，李木子

Client: Beijing Enterprises Jo Construction Co.,Ltd.

Principal Architect: LI Xinggang

Project Team: Architecture | QIU Jianbing,ZHANG Yuting,LIU Ziqi,ZHU Lingli,YUAN Zhimin,LU Jingyao,LIU Yang,YANG Ru,LI Bizhou,CHEN Yimin,WANG Xiang;Masterplan |GAO Zhi,ZHU Gengxin;Structure |REN Qingying,LIU Wenting,LI Zheng,ZHANG Xiaomeng,LIU Xiang,LI Lubin,ZHANG Xiongdi;Mechanical &Electrical |SHEN Jing,ZHU Xiujuan,WANG Xu,LI Baohua,HOU Yusheng,ZHANG Yiqi,LI Maolin,LIU Wei,ZHANG Qing,YANG Hanyu,WANG Zhigang,LIANG Yan,GAO Xuewen,HUO Xinlin,WANG Hao;Interior | CAO Yang,ZHANG Chao,AN Shi;Interior Mechanical &Electrical |LI Jia,ZHANG Yubin,CAO Cheng,LIU Zihe;Landscape | GUAN Wujun,SHI Lixiu,ZHU Yanhui,ZHANG Wanlan,CHANG Lin;Illumination | DING Zhiqiang,LI Zhanjie;Sustainable |WANG Chendong,LIU Peng,LIN Bo,WANG Fangfang,CAO Jianwei;Economy | ZHUO Xinlun,CAO Li,DING Yu,LIU Xiaoyu,BIAN Xiaoyan,QIAN Wei

Floor Area: 52,500 m2

Design Period: 2017.01-2018.05

Completion Time: 2021.06

Drawings: LIU Ziqi,YUAN Zhimin,et al.

Photos: SUN Haiting,ZHANG Yuting,LI Muzi

國家雪車雪橇中心位于延慶小海坨山南麓山谷地帶，占地面積16.5hm2，建筑面積52,500m2，承辦雪車、鋼架雪車、雪橇3 項(xiàng)奧運(yùn)賽事，雪車雪橇運(yùn)動最大時速達(dá)135km/h，最大重力加速度5g，因此該運(yùn)動被稱為“冰上的F1 方程式”。賽道總長度約2km，設(shè)有16 個彎道。場館北高南低，依山而建，南北跨度800m，東西最大寬度300m，場館高差141m，場地平均坡度16%。賽道沿著山勢、地形蜿蜒布置，宛如一條游龍盤旋在山澗。在場地的北部區(qū)域，3 個出發(fā)用房沿賽道布置，以適應(yīng)不同的比賽；在南部區(qū)域，賽道圍繞觀眾主廣場呈環(huán)形布置，廣場周圍設(shè)有運(yùn)營及后勤綜合區(qū)、訓(xùn)練道冰屋、制冷機(jī)房和觀眾主看臺。結(jié)束區(qū)用房設(shè)置于賽道的尾端。對于國家雪車雪橇中心，賽道屋頂呈懸挑形式，便于在賽道前方提供足夠的開放空間，讓觀眾能夠近距離觀看比賽，享受賽車在前方飛馳而過的激動人心的時刻。延慶賽區(qū)核心設(shè)計(jì)理念——“山林場館、生態(tài)冬奧”，該項(xiàng)目意在建設(shè)一個特定體育運(yùn)動與生態(tài)山林環(huán)境相融共生的冬奧場館。以此理念為基礎(chǔ)，為車橇賽道設(shè)置了TWPS 人工地形氣候保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，利用自然地形和人工結(jié)構(gòu)，充分保護(hù)冰層免受陽光照射，從而節(jié)約制冰總能耗。同時通過冰面能量數(shù)值的分析結(jié)果參數(shù)化地控制屋面的覆蓋面積，在滿足遮陽需求的前提下最大限度地減小木梁懸挑長度。建筑屋面背部設(shè)置了屋頂水平步道系統(tǒng)，一方面在賽時為工作人員和教練提供快捷通道，賽后作為游覽通道向游客開放；另一方面，步道位于懸挑屋頂?shù)谋巢浚渤洚?dāng)了屋面懸挑結(jié)構(gòu)的尾部平衡重塊。延慶賽區(qū)的國家雪車雪橇中心是目前中國唯一一條雪車雪橇賽道，也是亞洲第3 條、世界第17 條賽道，賽道和場館設(shè)計(jì)建造的全過程都經(jīng)過了國際奧委會、國際單項(xiàng)體育組織和北京冬奧組委的審核，并經(jīng)國際認(rèn)證和測試，達(dá)到了同類型場館的世界領(lǐng)先水平。

The National Sliding Center is located in the valley at the southern foot of Xiaohaituo Mountain in Yanqing,with a land area of 16.5 hm2and a construction area of 52,500 m2.It undertakes three Olympic events of Bobsleigh,Skeleton,and Luge,with the maximum speed of 135km/h and the maximum gravity acceleration of 5g.So the sport has been called "Formula 1 on ice".The track has a total length of 1975 meters and 16 curves.The venue is built with a north-south span of 800 meters and a maximum east-west width of 300 meters.The venue height difference is 141 meters and the site average slope is 16%.The track winds along the mountain,like a flying snow dragon hovering within the valley.In the site north region,three Start houses are located accordingly for different competitions along the track.In the south part,the track encircles a spectator plaza,surrounding which fixed an operation &logistic compound,a push track,a refrigeration plant and a main spectator grand stand.A finish house including Olympic Family and spectator stand is located at the end of the track.For the National Sliding Centre,the track roof is cantilevered in order to provide enough open space in front of the track for spectators watching the game in a relatively close distance enjoying the exciting moment of racing cars flying past in front.Following the core design concept of "mountain forest venue and Ecological Winter Olympics",the venue is designed into a specific sports and ecological forest environment symbiosis of the Winter Olympics venues.Based on this concept,a TWPS

評委評語

國家雪車雪橇中心的設(shè)計(jì)用獨(dú)創(chuàng)的技術(shù)語言適配了地貌，建構(gòu)了一種高山架空平臺系統(tǒng)，既滿足體育賽事專業(yè)功能性，又提升施工效率及品質(zhì)，更保護(hù)了場地自然環(huán)境的完整性，實(shí)現(xiàn)了人、建筑、自然之間的交互，具有極強(qiáng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)性特征。同時，在建筑學(xué)意義上，該項(xiàng)目為設(shè)計(jì)—施工一體化的數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型提供了新思路，也提供了一種人文與科技屬性相匹配的建筑新范式。建筑蜿蜒于山地環(huán)境上，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新鏈接詩意，促成體育與藝術(shù)的結(jié)合，呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的生命力。

2 鳥瞰Aerial views

(artificial terrain weather protection system)is invented,taking advantage of the natural topography and artificial structure,to protect the ice from sun light and thus save total energy consumption of ice making.Besides,according to the energy analysis data of ice surface,the roof cover area is parametrically controlled to meet the demand of enough shading area and at the same time to minimize the cantilever length of wood beam.On the back of the roof,there is a system of horizontal roof pathways,which on one hand provide quick access for staff and coaches during the game and open to visitors after the game,and which on the other hand are located on the back of the cantilevered roof,acting as a counterweight to the roof structure.The National Sliding Centre in Yanqing is the only sliding track in China,the third track in Asia and the 17th track in the world.The whole process of the design and construction of the track and venue has been reviewed by the International Olympic Committee,the international federation of sports and the Beijing Organising Committee for the Winter Olympic Games,and has passed international certification and testing.It has reached the world leading level of the same type of venues.

Jury Statement

3 鳥瞰Aerial views

4 鳥瞰Aerial views

The design of the National Sliding Centre adapts to the landform with an original technical language,and constructs an alpine elevated platform system,which not only meets the functional requirements of sports events,but also improves the construction efficiency and quality,and protects the integrity of the natural environment of the site.It realizes the interaction between people,architecture,and nature with strong experimental characteristics.At the same time,in the architectural sense,the design provides new ideas for the digital transformation of design-construction integration,and also a new paradigm of architecture that matches humanistic and technological attributes.The building meanders over the mountainous environment,with poetical technological innovation that enables the combination of sports and art,and presents a unique vitality.