人物類記敘文讀寫指南

湖南 王 虹

?文體導讀

人物類記敘文是敘述一個或多個主要人物的生活經歷或事件的文學形式。它描繪了人物的性格、行為和生活經歷，以及在特定情境中的發展和變化。人物類記敘文常具有以下幾個主要語篇特征：

1.人物的塑造——人物類記敘文著重描繪主要人物的性格特點、外貌和心理。借助具體的細節和描述，讀者可以建立起與人物的形象和感情的聯系。

2.情節的呈現——人物類記敘文通過連續的事件和情節描述，展現人物在不同情境中的行為和反應。這些情節有時是線性的，有時是以回憶或閃回的形式呈現。

3.敘述的視角——人物類記敘文通常采用第一人稱或第三人稱的敘述視角。此外，這種文體有時還會運用多重視角的敘述方式，以展現不同人物之間的相互作用和關系。

4.主題和教訓——人物類記敘文通常傳達著一個或多個主題或教訓。通過人物的經歷和變化，作者試圖傳達一種價值觀或思想，讓讀者從中獲得啟示并進行反思。

策略導航

1.預覽/預讀：先關注文章標題、開頭和結尾，了解主題和故事線索，以形成一個框架，在閱讀或寫作時更有針對性和目的性。

2.注重人物描寫：關注作者對主要人物的描寫和刻畫。注意外貌特征、行為和性格描述，以更好地理解故事。

3.理解對話和內心獨白：通過仔細閱讀人物之間的對話并觀察他們之間的互動，了解他們的思想、情感和態度。同時，注意內心獨白，這是人物思想和感受的直接展示。

4.掌握主題和教訓：思考作者想要傳達的主題或教訓，并嘗試將其與個人經驗聯系起來。這有助于理解故事的深層含義和思想內涵。

5.拓展閱讀范圍：多讀不同類型的英語人物類記敘文，包括小說、短篇故事等。通過閱讀更多的文學作品，你可以提升閱讀速度和理解力，同時擴大詞匯量并提高表達能力。

6.利用“ABCDE 原則”：從Appreciation、Background、Characteristic、Deed、Evaluation五重視角對人物進行解讀，并使用不同顏色的筆對不同的部分進行標注。

素材導背

1.對人物的欣賞、評價以及人物特征

admirable adj.令人欽佩的

remarkable adj.非凡的

inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的

extraordinary adj.卓越的

courageous adj.勇敢的

compassionate adj.有同情心的

resilient adj.堅韌不拔的

wise adj.充滿智慧的

talented adj.有才華的

gifted adj.有天賦的

noble adj.高尚的

visionary adj.有遠見卓識的

dedicated adj.專注的

inspirational adj.激勵人心的

motivated adj.有動力的

influential adj.有很大影響力的

dynamic adj.充滿活力的

trustworthy adj.值得信任的

reliable adj.可靠的

honest adj.誠實的

caring adj.體貼的

loyal adj.忠誠的

kind-hearted adj.心地善良的

selfless adj.無私的

humble adj.謙遜的

respectable adj.值得尊敬的

supportive adj.支持的

ambitious adj.有野心的

charismatic adj.有超凡魅力的

persistent adj.堅持不懈的

optimistic adj.樂觀的

energetic adj.精力充沛的

enthusiastic adj.熱情洋溢的

patient adj.有耐心的

observant adj.觀察力敏銳的

charitable adj.慈善的

creative adj.有創造力的

empathetic adj.有同感的

determined adj.堅定的

versatile adj.多才多藝的

knowledgeable adj.博學的

adaptable adj.適應性強的

persevering adj.堅持不懈的

disciplined adj.守紀律的

proactive adj.積極主動的

responsible adj.有責任心的

2.背景信息

be born and raised in 出生和成長于

from a humble background 出身卑微

well-traveled adj.游歷廣泛的

multicultural background 多元文化背景

be influenced by diverse cultures 受多種文化影響

hail from 來自

graduate from 畢業于

pursue education in 就讀于

3.人物事跡

overcome obstacles 克服困難

make a significant impact 產生了重大影響

achieve great success 取得了巨大的成功

devote oneself to 某人致力于

inspire others 激勵他人

help those in need 幫助有需要的人

persevere in the face of adversity 在逆境中堅持不懈

make significant contributions 做出了重大貢獻

positively impact the lives of many 對許多人的生活產生了積極影響

excel in 在……方面做得出色

overcome personal challenges 戰勝個人挑戰

demonstrate exceptional skill/talent 展示了非凡的技能/才華

work tirelessly for 為……孜孜不倦地工作

make a positive difference to 對……產生了積極的影響

案例導練

A miracle mentor: Mr Johnson

奇跡導師約翰遜先生

During my high school years, one teacher had a lasting impact on me: Mr Johnson.His exceptional qualities, inspiring actions, and unwavering commitment made him an extraordinary educator.

With his friendly smile and gray hair, Mr Johnson had a special charm that influenced his students.He strongly believed in our potential and offered unwavering support.Growing up in a small town, he understood our difficulties and became a guiding light in our lives.

Inside his classroom, the walls were decorated with colorful charts, motivating quotes,and captivating artworks.Every day, Mr Johnson filled his lessons with magical energy that turned learning into an exciting adventure.He had a talent for transforming ordinary subjects into fascinating stories, using real-life examples that resonated with our teenage minds.

One example that showed Mr Johnson's dedication was during a challenging math lesson.Sensing our frustrations, he patiently explained the concepts using relatable comparisons and visual aids.He went the extra mile, staying after school to provide individual assistance for struggling students.His commitment to our success went beyond the classroom.

In addition to academic study, Mr Johnson encouraged our overall development.He organized trips to museums and universities, broadening our horizons.When we were faced with doubt, he reminded us of our strengths and instilled belief in our abilities.

A mentoring program established by Mr Johnson had a lasting impact on me.Students facing difficulties, including myself, were paired with older students who excelled in the same subjects.Through weekly meetings, these mentors offered guidance and friendship,transforming our academic journeys.

As graduation approached, we felt a mix of excitement and nostalgia (懷舊).Mr Johnson's wise words reminded us of our potential to overcome future challenges.His influence extended far beyond the classroom, shaping us into confident individuals.

Looking back, Mr Johnson's influence remains strong.He not only taught us academic knowledge but also invaluable life lessons.He connected with us on a personal level,inspiring us to pursue our dreams.

Mr Johnson's unwavering commitment, passion for teaching, and ability to make an impact made him an exceptional educator.He nurtured our growth.Mr Johnson, your influence will always be remembered and cherished in our hearts and minds.

一、閱讀自測

Gist1.What is talked about about Mr Johnson in the first two paragraphs?

A.The attractiveness of his smile and hair.

B.His exceptional qualities and commitment.

C.The impact of his belief in students' potential.

D.His unique understanding of students' difficulties.

Detail2.How did Mr Johnson make learning exciting?

A.By changing subjects into fascinating stories.

B.By filling his lessons with contagious energy.

C.By using captivating artworks in the classroom.

D.By decorating the walls with motivating quotes.

Detail3.What impact did the mentoring program have on students?

A.It promoted their overall personal development.

B.It strengthened their belief in their abilities.

C.It broadened their horizons and motivation.

D.It contributed to academic improvement and friendship.

Inference4.In what aspect did Mr Johnson play a significant role?

A.Organizing graduation activities.

B.Helping students excel academically.

C.Shaping students' personalities and confidence.

D.Fostering a sense of nostalgia among students.

二、語言汲取

（一）關于人物描寫、介紹或評價的語言

1.人格魅力與品質

exceptional quality 卓越的品質

inspiring action 鼓舞人心的行為

friendly smile 友善的微笑

special charm 特殊的魅力

2.教學方法和態度

unwavering commitment 堅定的承諾

magical energy 神奇的能量

talent for ……的才能

captivating artwork 迷人的藝術作品

visual aid 視覺輔助工具

go the extra mile 付出額外的努力

individual assistance 個別的幫助

3.理解和支持學生

understand our difficulties 理解我們的困難

guiding light 指引之光

offer unwavering support 提供堅定的支持

remind us of our strengths 提醒我們自己的優勢

instill belief in our abilities 灌輸對自身能力的信心

connect with students on a personal level 與學生建立個人關系

4.教育方法和成果

broaden our horizons 開闊我們的眼界

education program 教育計劃

mentoring program 指導計劃

excel in the same subjects 在相同的科目上表現出色

offer guidance and friendship 提供指導和友誼

shape us into confident individuals 把我們塑造成自信的人

5.總結和回憶

lasting impact 持久的影響

nurture our growth 滋養我們的成長

teach invaluable life lessons 教授寶貴的人生經驗

（二）精彩表達

1.With his friendly smile and gray hair, Mr Johnson had a special charm that attracted students to him.約翰遜先生笑容親切，頭發花白，具有一種特殊的魅力，吸引著學生們接近他。

本句中，With his friendly smile and gray hair 是with 短語作原因狀語。with 短語常由“with+賓語+賓補”構成，賓補可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及非謂語動詞，在句中可作原因狀語、時間狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、結果狀語等。that attracted students to him是由that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞charm。

2.Growing up in a small town, he understood our difficulties and became a guiding light in our lives.他在一個小鎮長大，理解我們的困難并成為我們生活中的指引之光。

本句中，Growing up in a small town 為現在分詞作狀語，表示原因。現在分詞在句中還可作時間狀語、伴隨狀語、結果狀語、條件狀語等。

3.He not only taught us academic knowledge but also invaluable life lessons.他不僅傳授我們學術知識，還傳授我們寶貴的人生經驗。

本句用的是not only...but also...句型，該句型意為“不但……而且……”。當not only部分充當狀語，放在句首時，句子常用半倒裝的語序。

三、句式仿寫

1.我們敬佩的這位老師用耐心和關懷幫助我們克服了不曾預料到的很多困難。

_______________________________, the teacher who we admired helped us overcome many challenges _______________________________.

2.老師們用他們的關懷和支持，幫助我們克服了困難和挑戰，讓我們深受感動。

_______________________________, the teacher assisted us in overcoming difficulties and challenges with their care and support.

3.這位老師不僅關注教學，還關注學生的個人發展，并為他們提供適當的指導和建議。

_______________________________, but he also pays attention to students' personal development and provides them with appropriate guidance and advice.

四、寫作實踐

近日，Crazy English雜志社舉行了主題為“A miracle teacher”的征文大賽。你想寫一篇短文參加本次比賽。

內容要點：

1.這位老師是誰；

2.這位老師的神奇之處；

3.你對這位老師的評價。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用兩個前文中解析過的句式。

A miracle teacher

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評價導思

A self-assessment checklist for my task Information Structure Language Conclusion 1.我會用“ABCDE原則”進行人物類記敘文的閱讀和寫作。□ Yes □ No 2.我的作文具有邏輯性和層次感。□ Yes □ No____________3.我的作文包含了必備的寫作__________________________________________視角。□_Yes_□_No 4.我的作文包括了點題、敘述、評價等必備環節。□ Yes □ No 5.我的作文層次清晰，能敘述不同時空中發生的事件。□ Yes__□ N____________o 6.我的作文使用了簡練、生動和能表達真情實感的語言。□ Yes □ No 7.我的作文使用了細節描寫，能深刻刻畫人物形象。□ Yes □ No____________8.我的作文注意了語法和拼寫錯誤，語言形象且___________________________準確。□_Yes_□_No 9.為了閱讀和寫作更多類型的人物類記敘文，我需要________。______________□ 廣泛閱讀__□ 提升______________________________________________語言_□_多評價和反饋_□_其他___