3D 打印中的生物可接受性參數(shù)

艾瑞爾·陳，阿尤布·拉齊

隨著城市的發(fā)展，人類(lèi)對(duì)地球上有限的空間和資源的爭(zhēng)奪不斷加劇，許多野生動(dòng)物因此失去家園甚至失去生命。我們有必要在城市中引入更多植被及其所包含的微生物，以重建一個(gè)更多元的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)溫度和CO2等條件，增強(qiáng)城市環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性和韌性。生物可接受性設(shè)計(jì)是將生物多樣性融入現(xiàn)有城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的一種解決方案，尤其適用于高密度城市環(huán)境和與自然界隔絕的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。利用3D 打印技術(shù)的高精度，我們可以設(shè)計(jì)出特定的復(fù)雜幾何形狀，起到促進(jìn)生物生長(zhǎng)的作用。

雖然許多設(shè)計(jì)師已開(kāi)始涉足生物可接受性結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，但設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)與生物生長(zhǎng)潛力之間的關(guān)系仍未被充分探索。因此，本研究試圖通過(guò)一系列3D 打印的陶瓷構(gòu)件來(lái)研究3D 打印參數(shù)與生物生長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系，這些陶瓷構(gòu)件利用導(dǎo)水幾何形狀和3D 打印參數(shù)來(lái)控制生物生長(zhǎng)。水分的獲取是生物生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵因素，因此也是本研究的重點(diǎn)。附生藻類(lèi)和苔蘚是用于研究的目標(biāo)生物，它們的生長(zhǎng)速度相對(duì)較快，生長(zhǎng)效果明顯。本研究在3 個(gè)不同的尺度上展開(kāi)：構(gòu)件的整體形態(tài)、微凹槽的形式和材料孔隙度。我們通過(guò)4 項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試了陶瓷構(gòu)件的不同幾何參數(shù)和制造參數(shù)對(duì)生物附著能力、水?dāng)U散和導(dǎo)流的影響，以及對(duì)后續(xù)構(gòu)件上生物的生長(zhǎng)速度的影響。

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了3D 打印的幾何參數(shù)和制造參數(shù)在影響陶瓷構(gòu)件的生物可接受性中的重要性。本研究得到的基本參數(shù)可作為今后工作中生成生物可接受性幾何形式的參考。雖然實(shí)驗(yàn)的重點(diǎn)是水分獲取和生物附著能力，但包括環(huán)境條件在內(nèi)的許多其他因素也會(huì)對(duì)生物可接受性產(chǎn)生影響。無(wú)論如何，創(chuàng)造生物可接受性結(jié)構(gòu)是將自然重新引入貧瘠的城市環(huán)境的重要一步，這需要積極且有意識(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)手法。本研究在幾何學(xué)、生產(chǎn)制造、生物學(xué)等交叉領(lǐng)域的既有知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，為設(shè)計(jì)師提供了可供參考的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。隨著更多關(guān)于生物可接受性設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)的積淀，我們的設(shè)計(jì)范式將從創(chuàng)造貧瘠的城市環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)向創(chuàng)造更多與自然有機(jī)融合的空間。

4 使用最佳的管道深度和數(shù)量可以更好地控制水流 Dye channeling,optimal channel depth and count allow better control of water flow

5 在空腔內(nèi)插入苔蘚，以粘附和促進(jìn)潮濕的微氣候 Insertion of moss within cavities designed to allow adhesion and facilitate moist micro-climates

6 根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果開(kāi)發(fā)原型 Development of prototypes from experiment results

The rise of urban environments corresponds to the displacement and loss of wildlife as humankind competes for limited space and resources.There is a need to introduce vegetation and accompanying microorganisms to recreate a diverse ecosystem and promote more sustainable,resilient urban environments with essential regulation of conditions such as temperature and carbon.Bio-receptive design presents a solution to integrate biodiversity into existing urban infrastructure,particularly in high-density areas or indoor environments isolated from the biosphere.Leveraging on the high level of precision in additive manufacturing,complex and specialised geometry can be designed to promote biological growth.

While many designers have started engaging in creating bio-receptive structures,the relationship between design parameters and growth potential remains an unexplored area.Hence,this research investigates the correlations between parameters in 3D printing and bio-growth through a series of 3D-printed ceramic structures that utilise water-channelling geometries and 3D printing parameters to control biological growth.As a primary factor for growth,water access is the focus of this research;epiphytic algae and bryophytes,which provided relatively fast and visible growth results,are the targeted organisms.The investigation was conducted on three different scales: overall macro form,micro-grooves,and material porosity.The four experiments test the impact of geometrical or fabrication parameters on its ability to allow adhesion of living organisms,water diffusion and channelling,and its subsequent impact on biological growth on the structure.

The results of the experiments highlight the importance of geometrical and fabrication parameters that can affect the resultant bio-receptivity.The basic parameters in this research serve as a guideline for consideration in future work in generating bio-receptive geometries.Although the experiments focus mainly on water access and adhesion of organisms,there are many factors that also play a role in promoting bio-receptivity including the environmental conditions.Nevertheless,the creation of bio-receptive structures is a step towards re-integrating nature into sterile urban environments which requires an active and intentional design approach,and this paper builds upon the existing knowledge for designers in the intersection of geometry,fabrication,and biology.With more build-up of knowledge in producing bio-receptive designs,our design paradigm can shift away from sterile urban environments towards more nature-integrated spaces.