星星之家*

賈克博·諾德森

未來幾十年間，全世界人口增量的大部分將來自于撒哈拉以南的非洲。預計到2050 年，撒哈拉以南非洲的人口數量將翻一番，達到25 億。人口的迅速增長意味著需要建造數以百萬計的新住房，而這也恰好為研究可持續的低成本住房提供了機會。這種低成本住房需要應對瘧疾、腹瀉和呼吸道感染等在該地區肆虐的可預防性疾病。

發起“星星之家*”項目的目的是證明在撒哈拉以南非洲等炎熱的熱帶氣候地區，經過特定設計的住宅可以對家庭健康狀況起到改善作用。該項目在坦桑尼亞南部姆特瓦拉地區的60 個村莊中建造了110 座帶獨立廁所的實驗性住宅，并將在未來3 年內將居住在實驗性住宅的居民的健康狀況與居住在該地區440座對照住宅中的居民的健康狀況進行比較。這是首次使用住宅作為醫療干預措施的隨機對照試驗的一部分。

“星星之家*”的設計集合了昆蟲學、公共衛生和被動式設計等領域的最新研究成果，試圖通過整體環境的提升來改善家庭健康狀況。這個項目將跨學科的、科學導向的顧問團隊所提供的多種健康干預措施結合為一體，并最終由建筑學背景的團隊落地呈現。建筑團隊還確保了住宅和廁所的成本合理、堅固耐用，并可以直接在當地建造。

Ingvartsen 建筑事務所的主創建筑師兼總監賈克博·諾德森負責“星星之家*”的建筑設計。曼谷瑪希隆大學熱帶醫學系的牛津大學-瑪希隆大學研究所教授洛倫茲· 馮· 賽德萊恩，以及牛津大學納菲爾德醫學部博士研究生、CSK 研究方案公司總監薩拉姆·姆沙木負責領導臨床研究，研究將在2024 年完成。□（母卓爾 譯）

Sub-Saharan Africa will account for most of the world's population growth over the coming decades,with the number of people expected to double to 2.5 billion by 2050.This population growth will necessitate the construction of millions of new homes but also presents an opportunity to create sustainable low-cost housing that addresses preventable diseases that heavily impact the region,such as malaria,diarrhoea,and respiratory infections.

The aim of the Star Homes* Project is to demonstrate the impact that a well-designed house can have on improving family health in hot,tropical climate zones,such as Sub-Saharan Africa.110 improved houses with separate latrines were constructed in 60 villages throughout the Mtwara region in southern Tanzania,and the health of residents will be compared to those living in 440 control homes in the area over the next three-year period.This is part of the first randomised control trial using a house as a medical intervention.

The Star Homes* design brings together the latest innovations in entomology,public health,and passive design in a holistic approach to improve family wellbeing.It combines multiple health interventions from the interdisciplinary,science-driven consultancy team,which were synthesised by the architecture team.The architecture team also ensured that the house and latrine remained cost-effective,robust,and could be constructed locally.

1 展館空間 Pavilion front space

2 人們在欣賞展館 People admiring the pavilion

Ingvartsen Architects,with lead project architect and director Jakob Knudsen,were responsible for the design and architecture.Lorenz von Seidlein,an associate professor at the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit(MORU),Faculty of Tropical Medicine of Mahidol University in Bangkok,and Salum Mshamu,a PHD fellow at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford and director at CSK Research Solutions,are heading the clinical study,which is due to be completed in 2024.