哥本哈根經(jīng)驗(yàn)
——建立10項(xiàng)原則

娜塔莉·莫辛

2023 年7 月在哥本哈根舉行的國(guó)際建筑師協(xié)會(huì)第28 屆世界建筑師大會(huì)“可持續(xù)的未來(lái)——不讓任何 一個(gè)人掉隊(duì)”的閉幕式上推出“哥本哈根經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。

哥本哈根經(jīng)驗(yàn)是在過(guò)去6 年以及世界建筑師大會(huì)期間積累的全球經(jīng)驗(yàn)、不同的聲音、杰出的新研究和實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的。這些活動(dòng)共同探討了建筑為聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)貢獻(xiàn)的潛力和需求。

哥本哈根經(jīng)驗(yàn)的制定是希望這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)艹蔀楣奈枞诵牡脑瓌t，為可持續(xù)的未來(lái)奠定基礎(chǔ)。這些原則的制定在聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)和建成環(huán)境領(lǐng)域之間發(fā)揮橋梁作用，但始終支持跨越地域、文化和環(huán)境的本土化應(yīng)用的探索。

這些原則大膽甚至激進(jìn)，難以完全實(shí)施。這反映了我們?cè)趯?shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)和環(huán)境可持續(xù)性、確保所有人的尊嚴(yán)和尊重地球邊界的建筑環(huán)境中所面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)我們將這些原則運(yùn)用到建筑設(shè)計(jì)、規(guī)劃過(guò)程和施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，這些原則涉及我們必須實(shí)現(xiàn)的抱負(fù)，并為我們討論其在當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)踐中的意義奠定基礎(chǔ)。

這些原則推動(dòng)了新材料實(shí)踐的需求，更重要的是，推動(dòng)了對(duì)建筑美學(xué)和倫理的新思考：每一次，我們都必須知道我們?yōu)槭裁匆ㄔ欤覀儽仨毞e極反思這些行動(dòng)如何為關(guān)愛(ài)人類和地球做出貢獻(xiàn)。

哥本哈根經(jīng)驗(yàn) 1）

（1）所有人的尊嚴(yán)和能動(dòng)性是建筑的根本，排斥行為毫無(wú)美感可言；

（2）在我們建設(shè)、規(guī)劃和開(kāi)發(fā)建筑環(huán)境時(shí)，必須首先為有可能掉隊(duì)的人提供便利；

（3）必須首先重新利用現(xiàn)有的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)；

（4）任何新的發(fā)展都不能抹殺綠地；

（5）無(wú)論建筑環(huán)境如何，都必須維持自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和糧食生產(chǎn)；

（6）如果可以重復(fù)使用，在施工中不允許使用原生礦物材料；

（7）施工中不得生產(chǎn)或留下任何廢物；

（8）在采購(gòu)建筑材料時(shí)，本地可再生材料是首選；

（9）在我們建造的所有東西中，碳捕集必須超過(guò)碳足跡；

（10）在開(kāi)發(fā)、規(guī)劃和建設(shè)建筑環(huán)境時(shí)，每項(xiàng)活動(dòng)都必須對(duì)水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和清潔水供應(yīng)產(chǎn)生積極影響。

1 哥本哈根經(jīng)驗(yàn)橫標(biāo) Copenhagen Lessons banner

Copenhagen Lessons were presented at the closing ceremony of the 28th UIA World Congress of Architects,"Sustainable Futures -Leave No One Behind",which was held in July 2023 in Copenhagen.

Copenhagen Lessons build upon the global experiences,diverse voices,outstanding new research,and practices brought together over the 6 years leading up to -and during -the UIA World Congress of Architects.Altogether,these activities have explored the potential and need for architecture's contributions to the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Copenhagen Lessons are formulated with the hope that they can serve as inspirational principles to build on for a sustainable future.They are formulated as principles,bridging from the UN Sustainable Development Goals to the domain of the built environment,but kept overarching to support the exploration of a localised application across geographies,cultures,and conditions.

The principles are bold,even radical,and are not easy to apply in full.This reflects the enormity of the challenges we face within the built environment to reach social and environmental sustainability,to ensure dignity for all and to respect the planetary boundaries.The principles address the boldness of what we must achieve,for and provides a foundation for conversations about what this means in local practice,when we apply the principles to our building designs,planning processes and construction sites.

The principles push forward the need for a new material practice,and not least,a new aesthetic and ethical thinking in architecture: we must know why we build,every time,and we must actively reflect upon how these actions honours care for people and the planet.

Copenhagen Lessons1）

(1) Dignity and agency for all people is fundamental in architecture,there is no beauty in exclusion.

(2) People at risk of being left behind must be accommodated first when we construct,plan,and develop the built environment.

(3) Existing built structures must always be reused first.

(4) No new development must erase green fields.

(5) Natural ecosystems and food production must be sustained regardless of the build context.(6) No virgin mineral material must be used in construction,when reuse is possible.

(7) No waste must be produced or left behind in construction.

(8) When sourcing materials for construction,local renewable materials come first.

(9) In everything we build,carbon capture must exceed carbon footprint.

(10) When developing,planning,and constructing the built environment,every activity must have a positive impact on water ecosystems and clean water supply.