可持續(xù)未來(lái)：不讓任何 一個(gè)人掉隊(duì)
——跨越政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和美學(xué)的界限，在國(guó)際建筑師協(xié)會(huì)世界建筑師大會(huì)上團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)

娜塔莉·莫辛

當(dāng)全球建筑師社群于2029 年齊聚北京時(shí)，將迎來(lái)國(guó)際建筑師協(xié)會(huì)（Union International des Architectes，簡(jiǎn)稱UIA）第30 屆世界建筑師大會(huì)。這一旅程始于1948 年在瑞士洛桑召開(kāi)的創(chuàng)始大會(huì)（圖1），橫跨了各大洲，并于2023 年在丹麥哥本哈根以“可持續(xù)未來(lái)——不讓任何 一個(gè)人掉隊(duì)”為主題拉開(kāi)帷幕（圖2）。

1 國(guó)際建筑師協(xié)會(huì)關(guān)于1948年世界建筑師大會(huì)的出版物 UIA publications on The World Congress of Architects 1948

2 人們?cè)诟绫竟惱行挠^看2023年UIA 拼布展 People obserrving the UIA Quilt in Bella Center Copenhagen 2023

這一全球交流之旅的初衷源于許多人在二戰(zhàn)后對(duì)和平以及跨越國(guó)界的合作的深切需求。對(duì)于丹麥建筑師而言，二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的那一刻是充滿壓力的，但同時(shí)也是為社會(huì)和更美好的未來(lái)做貢獻(xiàn)的時(shí)刻。

當(dāng)二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束，丹麥的其他地區(qū)在慶祝解放時(shí)，1945 年5 月7 日和8 日，波恩霍爾姆島卻遭受了沉重的轟炸，倫訥和耐克索兩鎮(zhèn)遭到大面積破壞，許多房屋被夷為平地或嚴(yán)重受損，大約有1/3 的城鎮(zhèn)居民無(wú)家可歸。時(shí)任丹麥建筑師協(xié)會(huì)主席的托馬斯·哈夫?qū)幯杆俨扇×诵袆?dòng)。僅僅幾天后，即1945 年5 月12 日，他與波恩霍爾姆島當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖ熗h森共同創(chuàng)立了建筑師援助組織，威利·漢森任該組織的主席。建筑師援助組織為所有市民提供免費(fèi)咨詢，被摧毀的城市通過(guò)修復(fù)現(xiàn)有建筑和興建新建筑成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了共生重建。幾年后的1948 年6 月，威利·漢森作為丹麥建筑師協(xié)會(huì)的官方代表前往洛桑，參加了UIA 創(chuàng)始會(huì)議（圖3）。與會(huì)的建筑師們一致通過(guò)了UIA 章程和法規(guī)的序言，其中表達(dá)了：“建筑師們希望跨越政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和美學(xué)的界限，共同組成一個(gè)由各國(guó)組織構(gòu)成的聯(lián)盟”的愿望，并寫道：

3 在瑞士洛桑舉辦的國(guó)際建筑師協(xié)會(huì)創(chuàng)始會(huì)議，1948 年。圖為瑞士聯(lián)邦最高法院門前，中間為奧古斯特·佩雷和讓·屈米 Constitutive assembly of the UIA.Lausanne Switzerland,1948.Exiting the Federal Supreme Court.In the Centre Auguste Perret and Jean Tschumi

When the global community of architects assemble in Beijing in 2029,it will mark the 30th UIA World Congress of Architects.A journey that began with the founding Congress in Lausanne (Fig.1),Switzerland,in 1948,have spanned all continents,and in 2023 was commenced in Copenhagen,Denmark,under the theme "Sustainable Futures -Leave No One Behind" (Fig.2).

The pretext to this journey of global exchange was the profound need for peace and collaboration across borders experienced by so many after World War II.

For Danish architects that moment,as the World War II ended,was one of duress but also of dedication to society and to a better future.

While the rest of Denmark celebrated liberation at the conclusion of the World War II,the island of Bornholm was under heavy bombardment on May 7th and 8th 1945.The result was widespread devastation of the towns of R?nne and Nex?.Many houses were reduced to rubble or badly damaged,and about a third of the towns' population became homeless.Thomas Havning,then chairman of the Danish Architects' Association,was quick to act.Just a few days later,on May 12th 1945,he established the Arkitekthj?lpen (Architects' Aid) with local Bornholm architect Willy Hansen at the helm.With free consultation from Arkitekthj?lpen for all citizens,the destroyed cities were rebuilt in a successful symbiosis between the restoration of existing buildings and construction of new ones.A few years later,in June 1948,it was Willy Hansen who travelled as the official representative of the Danish Architects' Association to Lausanne to participate in what was to become the founding meeting of the UIA (Fig.3).He arrived to meet other architect's association representatives from across the world,and together the assembled architects unanimously adopted a preamble to the UIA articles and bylaws that stated "the desire of architects to unite across political,economic and aesthetic frontiers in a federation of their national organisations",and reads:

The International Union of Architects,

by facilitating and furthering free contact between architects,irrespective of nationality,race,religion,professional training and architectural doctrines,has as its purpose and intent the creation among them of relations of friendship,understanding and mutual esteem,to enable them to compare their ideas and concepts,profit by their mutual experiences,broaden their knowledge and enrich each other through differences existing between them.

They shall thereby be in a position to participate more effectively in the improvement of man's living conditions by the reconstruction of devastated cities and villages,the elimination of slums,the advancement of less developed regions,and the raising of housing standards by making their contribution to a better understanding between men and peoples by continually striving for the fulfilment of their aspirations for material and spiritual well-being;in collaboration with the other professional and cultural international organisations,they are resolved to contribute to the progress of human society and to the strengthening of peace.

Today,in each our local context and through the global community of architects that is the UIA,we can raise to the occasion as our predecessors did.Dedicated architects assembling because the task ahead requires it.Because action is needed now,and we must take it.Because architecture must contribute to social and environmental sustainability,for future generations to thrive on this planet.Because a bold exchange of knowledge,of ideas and solutions,is the only answer,for all the difficulty of bridging the world.

That is why the 28th World Congress of Architects 2023 committed to the importance of architecture's contribution to the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals.We are facing urgent and global challenges,and to ensure a sustainable future,all architects must take local action,in humble collaboration with fellow citizens and within the planetary boundaries.

The World Congress of Architects in Copenhagen brought together more than 6000 delegates from 135 countries,with an equal distribution between male and female participants.During the Congress days,250 scientific papers were presented (selected from more than a thousand submitted abstracts) alongside 150 sessions,exhibitions and tours.In central Copenhagen,15 full scale experimental SDG pavilions were developed,constructed and open to the public,made possible by the dedication and effort of countless partners and volunteers.A strong "Next Generation" track

國(guó)際建筑師聯(lián)盟

旨在促進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)建筑師之間的自由聯(lián)系，無(wú)論其國(guó)籍、種族、宗教、專業(yè)培訓(xùn)和建筑觀念如何，其宗旨在于希望在建筑師之間建立友誼、理解和相互尊重的關(guān)系，使建筑師能夠比較彼此的思想和概念，借鑒彼此的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，拓寬知識(shí)面，并通過(guò)彼此之間的差異相互豐富。

通過(guò)這種方式，他們將能夠更有效地參與改善人類生活條件，重建被摧毀的城市和村莊、消除貧民窟、促進(jìn)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的發(fā)展、提高住房標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)不斷努力滿足人類對(duì)物質(zhì)和精神福祉的渴望，更好地理解人與人之間、人與民族之間的關(guān)系;他們決心與其他專業(yè)和文化國(guó)際組織合作，為人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和鞏固和平做出貢獻(xiàn)。

如今，我們?cè)诿恳粋€(gè)地方，通過(guò)UIA 這個(gè)全球建筑師社區(qū)能夠像前輩們一樣迎難而上。前方有任務(wù)在召喚，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的建筑師們聚集在一起，需要立刻采取行動(dòng)，我們必須向前一步。建筑必須為社會(huì)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)，讓子孫后代在這個(gè)星球上繁衍生息。大膽地交流知識(shí)、思想和解決方案是連接整個(gè)世界的唯一答案，盡管這一過(guò)程充滿各種困難。

這就是為什么2023 年第28 屆世界建筑師大會(huì)致力于強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)17 項(xiàng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的重要作用的原因。我們正面臨著緊迫的全球性挑戰(zhàn)，為了確保可持續(xù)的未來(lái)，所有建筑師都必須與同胞謙遜合作，在當(dāng)?shù)亍⒃诘厍虻倪吔鐑?nèi)采取行動(dòng)。

哥本哈根的世界建筑師大會(huì)匯聚了來(lái)自135 個(gè)國(guó)家的6000 多名代表，男女參與者比例均等。在大會(huì)期間，共發(fā)表了 250 篇科學(xué)論文（從提交的 1000 多份摘要中選出），同時(shí)還舉辦了 150 場(chǎng)會(huì)議、展覽和參觀活動(dòng)。在無(wú)數(shù)合作伙伴和志愿者的奉獻(xiàn)和努力下，在哥本哈根市中心研發(fā)、建造并向公眾開(kāi)放了 15 個(gè)1:1 規(guī)模的可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)（SDG）實(shí)驗(yàn)展廳。37%的代表年齡在 18～35歲，這主要得益于大會(huì)設(shè)立了一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的 “下一代 ”通道，提供了 130 份學(xué)生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，這些獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金為來(lái)自低收入和中低收入國(guó)家的與會(huì)者提供了入境和酒店服務(wù)。這些數(shù)字給人一種廣泛而平衡的印象，但真正重要的則是：建筑師之間的聯(lián)系，我們可以給彼此靈感和勇氣，繼續(xù)努力通過(guò)建筑為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)（圖4）。

4 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織總干事奧黛麗·阿祖萊、UIA世界建筑師大會(huì)主席娜塔莉·莫辛和建筑師赫瓦賈·法特米在UIA2023哥本哈根世界建筑師大會(huì)的重建館內(nèi) Director-General,Unesco Audrey Azoulay,President of Congress,UIA World Congress of Architects,Natalie Mossin and architect,Khwaja Fatmi,in the Rebbuilding Pavilion,UIA World Congress of Architects,2023 Copenhagen

回到那個(gè)1948 年的夏天，丹麥廚房建筑師烏拉· 塔夫德魯普與威利· 漢森一同前往洛桑。她重點(diǎn)考察了瑞士新建筑中的廚房，并參觀了卡爾·埃根德與威廉·穆勒在蘇黎世設(shè)計(jì)的Sonnengarten 等項(xiàng)目。次年，她前往美國(guó)，與美國(guó)家庭住在一起（了解他們?nèi)绾紊詈褪褂脧N房），并訪問(wèn)康奈爾大學(xué)，深入了解研究人員在現(xiàn)代廚房發(fā)展方面的工作。她還前往瑞典、芬蘭、挪威和德國(guó)，參與建筑師之間的國(guó)際交流，將她所見(jiàn)所聞的靈感轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)丹麥戰(zhàn)后建筑中不斷發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代廚房的貢獻(xiàn)1）。

烏拉·塔夫德魯普的旅程是一個(gè)建筑師放眼世界的縮影，盡管它發(fā)生在 75 年前，但仍然體現(xiàn)了全球建筑師社區(qū)同行交流的精神和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。作為建筑師，我們必須跨越國(guó)界，相互借鑒經(jīng)驗(yàn)，推動(dòng)建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展，提高建筑質(zhì)量，并推動(dòng)我們的領(lǐng)域?yàn)闈M足當(dāng)今社會(huì)的需求做出貢獻(xiàn)。

從那時(shí)起，UIA 的成員增加到近百人，在選舉職務(wù)、委員會(huì)、工作計(jì)劃以及UIA 世界建筑師大會(huì)和論壇上，志愿者的人數(shù)不斷增加，各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)日趨成熟。世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生了日新月異的變化：由于航空和數(shù)字化的發(fā)展而變得更加緊密，由于氣候變化而變得更加脆弱，由于人口增長(zhǎng)而變得更加擁擠，但同時(shí)世界也沒(méi)有改變，仍然在“政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和審美的邊界”上分裂，仍然需要 “重建被摧毀的城市和村莊、消除貧民窟、促進(jìn)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的發(fā)展”。

出席哥本哈根會(huì)議的代表們，就像烏拉·塔夫德魯普一樣，從與他們相遇的人身上汲取靈感，繼續(xù)與其他地方的同行對(duì)話，然后將靈感轉(zhuǎn)化為滿足當(dāng)?shù)匦枨蟆⑽幕蜌夂虻膶?shí)踐，助力建筑事業(yè)的發(fā)展。這種影響不僅僅體現(xiàn)在他們自己的實(shí)踐中，也在全球范圍內(nèi)的建筑實(shí)踐中顯現(xiàn)。

作為聯(lián)合國(guó)的非政府組織，UIA 肩負(fù)著雙重使命。UIA 必須最大程度地支持世界各地的建筑師相互學(xué)習(xí)，通過(guò)交流思想和理念，更有效地促進(jìn)人道主義和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。UIA 還必須定位自身，在聯(lián)合國(guó)、其機(jī)構(gòu)以及相關(guān)的地區(qū)和國(guó)家政府機(jī)構(gòu)間不斷傳遞知識(shí)（圖5）。

5 亞斯明·拉里在哥本哈根2023年世界建筑師大會(huì)上的主題演講2） Yasmeen Lari Keynote at the UIA,World Congress of Architects,Copenhagen 2023

對(duì)于一個(gè)小型組織來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，因?yàn)樗匈囉谠诘乩砗突顒?dòng)上都廣泛分散的建筑師志愿者的努力。盡管這個(gè)設(shè)想表面上似乎不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際上仍然有所進(jìn)展。全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)建立，交流正在進(jìn)行，即使在分歧和差異中，也有寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可供借鑒。現(xiàn)在比以往任何時(shí)候都更需要最初的序言中所表達(dá)的對(duì)話和共同目標(biāo)的崇高承諾，而在UIA 中，我們作為建筑師擁有一個(gè)論壇，并受邀共同應(yīng)對(duì)建筑行業(yè)所面臨的諸多緊迫挑戰(zhàn)。這一切在哥本哈根已經(jīng)發(fā)生，并將引領(lǐng)我們?cè)?026 年以 “同一個(gè)今天，同一個(gè)明天”為主題前往巴塞羅那，然后在2029 年以“回歸均衡——為所有人美好生活而建造”為主題再次齊聚北京。

我們必須共同努力，幫助所有建筑師為人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步、地球的福祉與和平鞏固做出貢獻(xiàn)。□was created and a full 37% of delegates were between 18 and 35 years,made possible by among many initiatives,the offering by the Congress of 130 student fellowships providing entry and hotel for participants from low and low to middle income countries.These numbers provide a feeling of scale and balance but says nothing of what really matters: the connection between architects,the inspiration and courage we can give each other,to continue working to deliver to society though architecture (Fig.4).

Returning to that summer of 1948,the Danish kitchen architect Ulla Tafdrup travelled with Willy Hansen to Lausanne.Her specific focus was to look at kitchens in new Swiss architecture and she visited,among other projects,the Sonnengarten in Zürich by K.Egender &Müller.The year after she travelled to USA where she stayed with American families (to see how they lived and used their kitchens) and visited the Cornell University to learn more about the researchers' work with the development of a modern kitchen.She travelled to Sweden,Finland,Norway,and Germany and was engaged in the international exchange between architects,translating the inspiration and what she had seen,into a contribution to the modern kitchen as it evolved in Danish post-war architecture1）.

Ulla Tafdrup's journey provides a snapshot of an architect with a view to the world,that though anchored in a moment in time 75 years ago,still encapsulates the spirit and experience of peer-topeer exchange in a global community of architects.That as architects,we must meet across borders to build on mutual experience,to advance the profession,strengthen the quality of architecture and advance our field's contributions to the needs of society in our time.

Since then,the UIA have grown in members to almost a hundred,and the number of volunteers in elected posts,commissions,work programmes and at UIA World Congresses and Forums have swelled and activities matured.The world has changed rapidly,made smaller by airflight and digital formats,more fragile by climate change,more crowded by growing populations,and is at the same time unchanged,still divided on "political,economic and aesthetic frontiers",still in need of "the reconstruction of devastated cities and villages,the elimination of slums,the advancement of less developed regions".

The delegates present in Copenhagen,those who -as Ulla Tafdrup -have taken inspiration from those they have met,who continue a dialogue with colleagues elsewhere -to then translate that inspiration to meet local needs,culture and climate -are helping architecture deliver.Not only in their own practice,but in architectural practices everywhere.

As an NGO to the UN,the UIA has a dual mission.The UIA must support,and at its best ability enable architects all over the world,to learn from each other,and through the sharing of ideas and concepts,contribute more effectively to the advancement of humane and environmental sustainability.The UIA must also,time and again,position itself to transfer that knowledge to the UN,its agencies,and relevant regional and national government agencies (Fig.5).

It is a tall order for a small organisation depending on the volunteer efforts of architects widely dispersed,geographically and in their activities.But despite the apparent impossibility of the concept,the bumblebee flies.The global network is there,the exchange is happening,and even in disagreements and differences,there are valuable lessons to bring home.The noble commitment to dialogue and common purpose as expressed in that original preamble,is more needed than ever,and in the UIA,we as architects have a forum,and an invitation to work together in response to the many urgent challenges facing the profession.This happened in Copenhagen,and will lead us to Barcelona in 2026 under the theme of "One Today,One Tomorrow" before we assemble again in Beijing in 2029 under the theme "Back to Balance -Architecture for everyone's better life".

Together,we must resolve to help all architects contribute to the progress of human society,the welfare of the planet and the strengthening of peace.