城市綠地生態網絡系統構建

城市生態系統是城市人類與周圍生物和非生物環境相互作用而形成的一類具有一定功能的網絡結構，在其概念范疇下，形成了城市生態網絡、城市藍綠空間生態網絡、城市綠地生態網絡等。其中，城市綠地生態網絡是在城市及其影響范圍內，以提供生態與社會雙重服務功能為目的，以城市建設用地內的城市綠地及城市建設用地外影響城市生態安全格局的林地、濕地等生態空間為要素，以連續性生態廊道為聯結，所形成的網狀空間系統。在用地緊張的城市化區域，城市綠地生態網絡是提高用地復合效能的主要途徑，其組分構成決定了其是城市生態系統組分主體之一，是與人居環境關系最密切、最可調、且投資相對低的生態空間載體。

與傳統城市綠地系統不同，城市綠地生態網絡更強調城市生物多樣性保護需求，兼顧公眾人居生態環境需求，提高人居環境的生態質量，強調營造、維護和恢復多樣化、層次化、系統化的城市生態空間網絡體系。目前國內外關于城市綠地生態網絡的研究，存在內在機制不明、理論方法不完善、智能規劃系統及科學評價與決策支持平臺尚缺乏等問題。由本人組建并帶領的EcoLA研究團隊，在城市綠地生態網絡系統構建領域開展了為期近十年的科技攻關和示范應用，創建了城市綠地生態網絡有機進化理論，研建了城市綠地生態網絡系統構建方法，創建了一些城市生態廊道連接度的高效提升關鍵技術，研制了城市生態網絡布局結構的智能規劃系統平臺（試用版），為高效能城市綠地生態網絡的規劃、建設和管控奠定了基礎。

本期專題“城市綠地生態網絡”，聚焦基本概念辨析、網絡演進機制、情景模擬與評估、智能規劃系統、精準修復策略等方面。在理論研究方面，辨析了中國國土空間規劃語境下城市綠地生態網絡的概念內涵、構建方法及發展方向；提出將生態網絡作為一種捍衛城市空間特色的“空間工具”，超越當前“空間生產”的局限性，引導了一種內涵式的特色空間“生產”方式。在技術研發和應用方面，以桂林市為對象，模擬了多情景下城市土地利用變化格局，并采用景觀格局指數，對模擬產生的多個生態網絡的有效性進行了評價和對比；以北京海淀北部新區和亦莊新城為對象，精準識別了城市生態空間受損部位及受損程度，并基于城市空間結構模式提出生態網絡優化建議和改進措施；以江蘇省昆山市密集城區的189個街區單元為研究對象，探討了城市綠地生態網絡在協同冬夏季小氣候環境中的低效空間識別與精準修復技術方法，為優化人居環境宜居性、提升城市綠地生態網絡氣候調節服務效能提供技術參考。最后，將保護生物多樣性、提升功能連接度作為城市尺度綠地生態網絡構建的核心目標，梳理和綜合圖論、生境質量評價、最小累積阻力模型和電路理論等模型和方法，介紹了一套理技術流程明確的城市綠地生態網絡智能規劃系統。

國土空間規劃背景下，在人口稠密、用地緊缺的城市，特別是中心城以及周邊區域，城市綠地生態網絡規劃已成為重要專項內容之一。本期推出了城市綠地生態網絡從理論研究到關鍵技術研發與應用的最新進展，提出了城市綠地生態網絡系統構建理論基礎與探索實踐的重點，以期更多專家學者加入該領域的研究與實踐中。

主編

2023年12月11日

Systematic Construction of Urban Green Space Ecological Network

Urban ecosystem is a kind of network structure with certain functions formed by the interaction between urban human beings and the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments, and under its conceptual scope, urban ecological network, urban bluegreen space ecological network, urban green space ecological network (UGSEN)have been formed.Among them, the UGSEN is a network space system formed in the city and its influence area with the purpose of providing both ecological and social services, with the urban green space within the urban construction land and the ecological space such as woodland and wetland outside the urban construction land affecting the ecological security pattern of the city as elements, and with the continuity of ecological corridors as links.In urbanized areas with tight land use, the UGSEN is the main way to improve the efficiency of land use composite, and its component composition determines that it is one of the main components of the urban ecosystem, and that it is the ecological space carrier that has the closest relationship with the human environment, is the most adjustable, and has a relatively low level of investment.

Different from the traditional urban green space system, the UGSEN places more emphasis on the urban biodiversity protection needs, takes into account the public’s habitat ecological environment needs, and emphasizes the creation, maintenance and restoration of a diversified, hierarchical and systematic urban ecological space network system.At present, the research on the UGSEN at home and abroad has problems such as unknown inner mechanism, imperfect theory and method,and lack of intelligent planning system and scientific evaluation and decision-making support platform.The EcoLA research team formed and led by myself has carried out scientific and technological research and demonstration application in the field of the UGSEN system construction for about ten years, created the theory of organic evolution of urban green space ecological network, developed the method of urban green space ecological network system construction, created the key technology of efficiently improving the connectivity of urban ecological corridors, and developed the platform of intelligent planning system for the layout structure of urban ecological network, which provides the basis for a highly efficient urban green space ecological network.In addition, we have developed an intelligent planning system platform (trial version) for urban ecological network layout structure, which lays the foundation for the planning, construction and control of high-efficiency urban green space ecological network.

The topic of this issue “Urban Green Space Ecological Network” focuses on the analysis of basic concepts, network evolution mechanism, scenario simulation and assessment, intelligent planning system, and precise restoration strategy.In terms of theoretical research, the concept, construction methods, and development direction of UGSEN in the context of China’s national spatial planning were analyzed; The ecological networks as a “spatial tool” to defend urban spatial characteristics transcends the limitations of current “spatial production” was proposed and a connotative and distinctive spatial “production” approach was guided.In terms of technological research and application, Guilin City was taken as the object to simulate the urban land use change pattern under multiple scenarios, and the landscape pattern index was used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of multiple ecological networks generated by the simulation; Taking Beijing Haidian North New Area and Yizhuang New City as objects, the damaged areas and degrees of urban ecological space were accurately identified, and ecological network optimization suggestions and improvement measures were proposed based on the urban spatial structure model; Taking 189 block units in the densely populated urban area of Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province as the research object, this paper explores the inefficient spatial identification and precise restoration technology methods of UGSEN in the collaborative winter and summer microclimate environment, providing technical reference for optimizing the livability of living environment and improving the efficiency of UGSEN climate regulation services.Finally, the protection of biodiversity and the enhancement of functional connectivity are the core goals of constructing UGSENs.Models and methods such as graph theory, habitat quality evaluation, minimum cumulative resistance model, and circuit theory were summarized and integrated to introduce an intelligent planning system for urban green space ecological networks with clear technical processes.

In the context of territorial spatial planning, UGSEN planning has become one of the important special contents in densely populated cities with land scarcity, especially in central cities and their surrounding areas.This issue presents the latest progress of UGSEN from theoretical research to the development and application of key technologies, and puts forward the theoretical foundation of the construction of UGSEN system and the focus of exploration and practice, with the hope that more experts and scholars will join in the research and practice in this field.

Editor-in-Chief

December 11th, 2023