PID控制的間接式電加熱器異常關停故障診斷分析及對策

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-2206.2024.06.017

摘" " 要：間接式電加熱器電熱管不直接與流體接觸，熱量通過導熱油及套管傳遞給流體，此方式具有耐腐蝕、密封性好、設備壽命長等優點。間接式加熱器首次應用于北部灣海上采油平臺，在調試運行階段因流量波動過大引起設備超溫關停。根據平臺實際使用情況，從設備原理及控制系統兩方面對該問題進行診斷分析，并提出對設備輸出功率與PID控制器各項參數進行調整的解決方案，實現了對井液出口溫度準確且平穩的控制；同時，能夠有效調控設備內部溫度，確保設備平順運行，溫度控制更為準確。

關鍵詞：PID控制；間接式加熱器；流量波動；超溫關停；控制系統

Abstract：The electric heating tube of electric heaters does not direct contact with the fluid， transferring the heat through the heat transfer oil and sleeve. This method has the advantages of corrosion resistance， good sealing， and long equipment life. The indirect heater was first applied to the offshore oil production platform in the Beibu Gulf， resulting in the over-temperature shutdown of the equipment due to excessive flow fluctuations during the commissioning and operation phase. Based on the actual usage in the platform， this paper analyzes this problem from both the equipment principle and control system aspects and proposes a solution relying on the adjustment of the output power of the equipment and all parameters of the PID controller， accurately and stably controlling the outlet temperature of the well fluid. Moreover， this solution can effectively regulate the internal temperature of the equipment to ensure smooth operation and more accurate temperature control.

Keywords：PID control; indirect heater; flow fluctuation; over-temperature shutdown; control system

北部灣海域以往的海上油氣田開發項目生產運行過程中，加熱器均使用直接式電加熱器，即電熱管直接與流體接觸，利用電熱管持續加熱實現對流體的加熱，具有加熱快、熱效率高等優點。海上平臺修井作業較多，修井液需要通過加熱器再導入海管，而修井液成分復雜，容易造成加熱絲的絕緣損壞；還會腐蝕加熱器原油腔室，造成原油滲漏，嚴重影響設備的安全穩定運行。間接式電加熱器電熱管不直接與流體接觸，熱量通過導熱油及套管傳遞給流體，電熱管密封接頭不受待加熱介質影響，同時換熱油無腐蝕性，可以很好保護加熱絲，延長加熱絲的使用壽命。間接式電加熱器理論上可以解決傳統直接式電加熱器加熱絲絕緣容易損壞的難題。

某項目首次將間接式加熱器應用于北部灣某海上采油平臺，在調試運行階段因流量波動過大出現設備超溫關停的問題，根據平臺實際使用情況，從設備原理及控制系統兩方面對該問題進行診斷分析，并提出解決方案。……