控釋尿素釋放周期對水稻產量和氮肥利用的影響

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2024.05.007

收稿日期：2023-03-23

基金項目：國家自然科學基金項目（31901447）；江蘇省重點研發計劃項目（BE2022338）；農業重大技術協同推廣項目（2022-ZYXT-04-1）；江蘇水稻產業技術體系項目

作者簡介：劉夢竹（1998-）， 女， 江蘇宿遷人，碩士研究生，主要從事水稻高產栽培生理研究。（E-mail）18762303319@163.com

通訊作者：張洪程， （E-mail） hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; 張海鵬， （E-mail） hpzhang@yzu.edu.cn

摘要：" 為研究不同釋放周期的控釋尿素對水稻產量形成及氮素利用的影響，以南粳9108為材料，在總施氮量為270 kg/hm2的條件下，以不施氮（N0）和施用普通尿素（CK）為對照，探討普通尿素分別搭配釋放周期為60 d、80 d、100 d、120 d的4種控釋尿素處理（分別記作T1處理、T2處理、T3處理、T4處理）對水稻產量、莖蘗數、干物質積累量及氮肥利用率的影響。結果表明，與單純施用普通尿素相比，普通尿素搭配控釋尿素處理的水稻產量均有顯著提高。普通尿素搭配適宜釋放周期的控釋尿素處理可以增加水稻植株的莖蘗數、葉面積指數，促進干物質與氮素積累，獲得較高結實率。與釋放周期為120 d的控釋尿素相比，釋放周期為100 d的控釋尿素的氮素釋放量更加匹配水稻不同生長發育時期所需的氮素量，氮肥利用率較高。由此可見，普通尿素搭配適宜釋放周期的控釋尿素能夠提高水稻產量和對氮肥的利用率。

關鍵詞：" 水稻產量；控釋尿素；釋放周期；氮肥利用率

中圖分類號：" S511""" 文獻標識碼：" A""" 文章編號：" 1000-4440（2024）05-0827-08

Effects of controlled-release urea releasing period on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization

LIU Mengzhu，" WANG Rui，" FENG Yuan，" WANG Kunting，" MI Kailiang，" XING Zhipeng，" ZHANG Hongcheng，" ZHANG Haipeng

（Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology， Yangzhou University， Yangzhou 225009， China）

Abstract：" To investigate the effects of controlled-release urea with different release periods on rice yield formation and nitrogen utilization， the rice variety Nanjing 9108 was used as the experimental material in this study， and the total nitrogen application rate was 270 kg/hm2. The experiment included six treatments： no nitrogen fertilizer （N0）， a control treatment using conventional urea （CK）， and four controlled-release urea treatments with release periods of 60 d， 80 d， 100 d， and 120 d （T1， T2， T3， and T4， respectively）. The study aimed to explore the impact of these treatments on rice yield， tiller number， dry matter accumulation， and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that compared with CK， the yield of rice treated with common urea and controlled-release urea was significantly increased. The treatment of common urea combined with controlled-release urea with suitable releasing period could increase the number of tillers and leaf area index of rice plants， promote the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen， and obtain higher seed setting rate. Compared with the controlled-release urea with a release period of 120 d， the nitrogen release amount of the controlled-release urea with a release period of 100 d was more suitable for the nitrogen amount required by rice at different growth and development stages， and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was higher. It can be seen that ordinary urea combined with controlled-release urea with appropriate release period can improve rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate.

Key words：" rice yield;controlled-release urea;release period;nitrogen utilization efficiency

水稻是中國的主要糧食作物之一，解決國家糧食安全問題的關鍵在于水稻產量的提高。持續、大量的氮肥投入是提高水稻產量的一項重要措施。中國稻田氮肥平均用量已高達180 kg/hm2，但僅有約1/3的當季氮肥能被水稻吸收利用，更多氮肥通過多種途徑損失，如淋溶、徑流、硝化-反硝化等，由此引起了一系列環境生態問題。……