





摘要:【目的】解析GhWRKY44基因在干旱脅迫下的功能,為棉花抗旱育種提供候選基因資源。【方法】以陸地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)CQJ-5葉片cDNA為模板進(jìn)行聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(polymerase chain reaction, PCR),獲得GhWRKY44基因編碼序列,并進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析。利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光PCR(quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR)分析GhWRKY44基因在脫落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)和聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)6000處理下的表達(dá)模式。利用病毒誘導(dǎo)的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing, VIGS)技術(shù)研究GhWRKY44基因在干旱脅迫下的功能。【結(jié)果】GhWRKY44編碼的蛋白屬于Ⅰa類WRKY成員,與GbWRKY44親緣關(guān)系較近。GhWRKY44受PEG 6000和ABA誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)。干旱脅迫下,與對(duì)照棉株相比,GhWRKY44沉默棉株的葉片萎蔫程度更重,植株存活率和葉片葉綠素含量(soil and plant analyzer development, SPAD值)顯著降低。脫水處理6 h和7 h,GhWRKY44基因沉默棉株的葉片失水率顯著高于對(duì)照。【結(jié)論】沉默GhWRKY44基因降低棉花抗旱性,GhWRKY44是棉花抗旱性的正調(diào)控因子。
關(guān)鍵詞:陸地棉;GhWRKY44;病毒誘導(dǎo)的基因沉默;干旱脅迫;存活率
Abstract: [Objective] This research aims to analysis the function of GhWRKY44 gene under drought stress, and to provide candidate gene resources for drought-resistant breeding in cotton. [Methods] The coding sequence of GhWRKY44 gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the cDNA of CQJ-5 (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves. And bioinformatics analysis was performed. The expression pattern of GhWRKY44 gene under the treatment of abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The function of GhWRKY44 genes under drought stress was investigated by using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. [Results] The protein encoded by GhWRKY44 is a member of class Ⅰa WRKY, and is closely related to GbWRKY44. The expression of GhWRKY44 was induced by PEG 6000 and ABA. Compared with the control cotton plants, GhWRKY44 silenced cotton plants showed more severe leaf wilting, and plant survival rate and leaf chlorophyll content (soil and plant analyzer development, SPAD value) were significantly reduced under drought stress. With 6 h and 7 h of dehydration treatment, the leaf water loss rate of GhWRKY44 silenced cotton plants was significantly higher than that of control plants. [Conclusion] Silencing of GhWRKY44 gene reduced drought tolerance of cotton, and GhWRKY44 is a positive regulator of drought tolerance in cotton.
Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; GhWRKY44; virus-induced gene silencing; drought stress; survival rate
棉花是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的重要戰(zhàn)略物資。新疆是我國(guó)最大的棉花種植基地,屬于典型的干旱、半干旱氣候區(qū),降水稀少、蒸發(fā)量大。新疆棉花易受到干旱脅迫危害。棉花受到干旱脅迫時(shí),體內(nèi)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的反應(yīng)來(lái)減少或清除干旱脅迫帶來(lái)的危害,這些抗性反應(yīng)涉及多個(gè)基因的協(xié)同調(diào)控[1]。挖掘棉花抗旱基因并解析其功能,有助于揭示棉花抗旱的分子機(jī)制,并通過(guò)分子育種培育抗旱棉花品種。
為了適應(yīng)干旱脅迫,植物必須表達(dá)大量的干旱響應(yīng)基因,以增強(qiáng)植株對(duì)干旱脅迫的耐受性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),多種基因參與干旱脅迫響應(yīng),如酶、離子通道、水通道和轉(zhuǎn)錄因子等的編碼基因[2]。AREB、DREB、NAC、MYB、bZIP和WRKY等轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在植物對(duì)干旱脅迫的響應(yīng)中發(fā)揮了重要作用[3]。
WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子是高等植物中最大的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族之一。WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的DNA結(jié)合域稱為WRKY結(jié)構(gòu)域,由60個(gè)氨基酸組成,具有鋅指狀基序和N端高度保守的“WRKYGQK”序列[4]。根據(jù)WRKY結(jié)構(gòu)域的數(shù)量和鋅指狀基序的類型,WRKY蛋白可分為3類:具有2個(gè)WRKY結(jié)構(gòu)域的蛋白屬于Ⅰ類,而只有1個(gè)WRKY結(jié)構(gòu)域的蛋白屬于Ⅱ類和Ⅲ類[4]。Ⅰ類和Ⅱ類的成員具有C2H2(C-X4-5-C-X22-23-H-X1-H,其中X可以是任何氨基酸,下同)鋅指狀基序,而Ⅲ類WRKY蛋白含有C2HC(C-X7-C-X23-H-X-C)鋅指狀基序[5]。根據(jù)鋅指狀基序,Ⅰ類成員被細(xì)分為2個(gè)亞組:Ⅰa(至少含有1個(gè)C2H2型鋅指狀基序以及至少有1個(gè)常見(jiàn)的WRKY基序)和Ⅰb(含有C2HC型鋅指狀基序,通常帶有非典型WRKY基序);Ⅱ類可進(jìn)一步分為6個(gè)亞組:Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱc、Ⅱd、Ⅱe和IIf;Ⅲ類進(jìn)一步分為Ⅲa和Ⅲb[6]。
研究表明WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子參與調(diào)節(jié)植物對(duì)干旱脅迫的耐受性[5]。例如,葡萄VvWRKY11參與對(duì)脫水脅迫的響應(yīng)[7]。小麥TaWRKY24響應(yīng)干旱和鹽脅迫,干旱脅迫下,在煙草中過(guò)表達(dá)TaWRKY24基因?qū)е氯~片的枯萎程度較野生型輕[8]。TaWRKY31受聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)、脫落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、NaCl和水楊酸(salicylic acid, SA)誘導(dǎo)表達(dá),在小麥中沉默TaWRKY31可顯著降低小麥抗旱性,而過(guò)表達(dá)TaWRKY31則增強(qiáng)了擬南芥的抗旱性[9]。在干旱條件下,過(guò)表達(dá)OsWRKY114基因顯著提高了水稻對(duì)干旱脅迫的敏感性,導(dǎo)致水稻在干旱脅迫下的成活率降低。此外,過(guò)表達(dá)OsWRKY114基因?qū)е滤救~片的氣孔關(guān)閉受到限制,OsPYL2和OsPYL10的表達(dá)量顯著降低,表明OsWRKY114通過(guò)限制氣孔關(guān)閉負(fù)向調(diào)節(jié)水稻對(duì)干旱脅迫的耐受性[10]。
雷蒙德氏棉(Gossypium raimondii)、亞洲棉(G. arboreum)、陸地棉(G. hirsutum)基因組中分別有116個(gè)、112個(gè)和102個(gè)WRKY基因[1, 11]。研究表明,棉花中WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在干旱脅迫中發(fā)揮重要作用。Gu等[12]在陸地棉基因組中鑒定出34個(gè)Ⅱd WRKY基因,其中有10個(gè)基因在干旱和鹽脅迫下明顯高表達(dá),用病毒誘導(dǎo)的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing, VIGS)技術(shù)沉默高表達(dá)基因Gh_A11G1801增強(qiáng)了棉花幼苗對(duì)干旱脅迫的敏感性。棉花Ⅲ類WRKY基因GhWRKY7、GhWRKY50、GhWRKY59、GhWRKY60和GhWRKY102在ABA、甘露醇和鹽脅迫處理下的表達(dá)量顯著升高,說(shuō)明這些基因可能參與調(diào)控棉花植株對(duì)干旱或鹽脅迫的響應(yīng)[13]。在本氏煙中過(guò)表達(dá)Ⅰ類WRKY基因GhWRKY25可降低植株對(duì)干旱脅迫的耐受性,但增強(qiáng)了植株對(duì)鹽脅迫的耐受性[14]。然而,目前棉花中大多數(shù)Ⅰ類WRKY蛋白的生物學(xué)功能尚不清楚。
本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在棉花中過(guò)表達(dá)GhMYB4可提高棉花的抗旱耐鹽性,而沉默GhMYB4則表現(xiàn)出相反的結(jié)果(數(shù)據(jù)尚未發(fā)表)。酵母雙雜交文庫(kù)篩選發(fā)現(xiàn)GhWRKY44可以與抗旱耐鹽蛋白GhMYB4互作,GhWRKY44定位于細(xì)胞核,沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)錄自激活活性[15],由此推測(cè)GhWRKY44可能參與棉花對(duì)干旱脅迫的響應(yīng)。基于此,本研究克隆了GhWRKY44基因,分析其在不同組織和干旱脅迫下的表達(dá)模式,并利用VIGS技術(shù)分析其在干旱脅迫下的功能,為增強(qiáng)棉花抗旱性提供候選基因。
1 材料與方法
1.1 棉花材料及種植方法
具有較強(qiáng)耐鹽性的陸地棉品系CQJ-5[16]由新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)陳全家教授贈(zèng)予。
用50%過(guò)氧化氫浸泡脫絨棉花種子6 h,播種于育苗盆(營(yíng)養(yǎng)土與蛭石的體積比為1∶1)中,每盆2株,于溫室(28 ℃,16 h光照/8 h黑暗)培養(yǎng)。
1.2 載體與試劑
農(nóng)桿菌菌株GV3101,煙草脆裂病毒(tobacco rattle virus, TRV)載體TRV1(輔助載體)、TRV2、TRV2-GhCLA1(陽(yáng)性對(duì)照載體)均由新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院植物逆境分子實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存。
RNAplant Plus試劑盒、Thermo反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、T4 DNA連接酶、Taq DNA聚合酶、限制性內(nèi)切酶、DNA產(chǎn)物純化試劑盒均購(gòu)于天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;熒光定量試劑盒、DH5α感受態(tài)購(gòu)于北京全式金生物技術(shù)股份有限公司;pMD18-T克隆載體購(gòu)于寶生物工程(大連)有限公司。ABA、PEG、卡那霉素、利福平及培養(yǎng)基配制原料等化學(xué)試劑均購(gòu)于北京索萊寶生物有限公司;引物合成和DNA測(cè)序由上海生工生物有限公司完成。
1.3 GhWRKY44基因克隆及生物信息學(xué)分析
利用RNAplant Plus試劑盒提取CQJ-5苗期葉片總RNA;用Thermo反轉(zhuǎn)錄劑盒合成cDNA第1鏈。根據(jù)棉花基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(https://cottonfgd.org/)公布的GhWRKY44(Gh_A04G096000)基因序列設(shè)計(jì)引物(表1)。以cDNA為模板擴(kuò)增GhWRKY44基因。擴(kuò)增體系:10×Taq Buffer(含Mg2+)5 μL、dNTPs 4 μL、上下游引物(10 μmol·L-1)各2 μL、Taq DNA聚合酶1 μL、cDNA模板1 μL、加ddH2O補(bǔ)足至50 μL。擴(kuò)增程序:94 ℃預(yù)變性3 min;94 ℃變性30 s,58 ℃復(fù)性30 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃延伸10 min。將擴(kuò)增后的GhWRKY44基因序列連接到pMD18-T載體上,經(jīng)測(cè)序得到GhWRKY44的編碼序列(coding sequence, CDS)。
從棉花組學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(http://cotton.zju.edu.cn/)和美國(guó)國(guó)立生物技術(shù)信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)獲得GhWRKY44(Gh_A04G096000)、GhWRKY44-D(Gh_D04G1292)、GaWRKY44(Ga04G0787.1)、GrWRKY44(Gorai.009G421200.3)、榴蓮DzWRKY44(XP_022767436.1)、毛果楊PtWRKY44(XP_006381519.2)、玫瑰RrWRKY44(XP_062002853.1)、芒果MiWRKY44(XP_044472826.1)和月季RcWRKY44(XP_024188175.1)的蛋白序列,用DNAMAN 7軟件進(jìn)行多序列比對(duì)。
從棉花數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲得GhWRKY25(Gh_A05G3892)、GhWRKY1-like(XP_016696352.2)、GhWRKY68(KJ551845)、GhWRKY33(KJ825862)、GbWRKY44-A(Gb_A04G1001)、GbWRKY44-D(Gb_D04G1365)和擬南芥AtWRKY6(NP_564792)、AtWRKY8 (NP_199447)、AtWRKY10(NP_175956)、AtWRKY11(NP_567878)、AtWRKY14(NP_564359)、At-WRKY15(NP_179913)、AtWRKY17(NP_565574)、AtWRKY18(NP_001031766.1)、At-WRKY22(NP_192034)、AtWRKY23(NP_182248)、AtWRKY25(NP_180584)、AtWRKY28(NP_193551)、AtWRKY30(NP_568439)、At-WRKY31(NP_567644)、AtWRKY33(NP_181381)、AtWRKY39(NP_001030634)、At-WRKY40(NP_178199)、AtWRKY41(NP_192845)、AtWRKY42(NP_192354)、AtWRKY44(NP_001078015)、AtWRKY46(NP_182163)、At-WRKY63(NP_176833)、AtWRKY64(NP_176829)、AtWRKY67(NP_001117559)及At-WRKY70(NP_191199)的蛋白序列。用MEGA 7構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹,設(shè)自展值(bootstrap value)為1 000,其他參數(shù)為系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)值。
利用Plant CARE在線網(wǎng)站(http://bioinformatics.psb.u-gent.be/webtools/plantcare/html)分析GhWRKY44基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)(起始密碼子ATG上游3 000 bp序列)的基本啟動(dòng)子元件和順式作用元件。
1.4 表達(dá)模式分析
從棉花功能基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(Cotton Functional Genomics Database, https://cottonfgd.net/)獲得GhWRKY44基因在根、莖、葉、花藥、萼片和花托中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量數(shù)據(jù),即每千個(gè)堿基的轉(zhuǎn)錄每百萬(wàn)映射讀取的片段(fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads, FPKM)。
將長(zhǎng)勢(shì)一致且健康的3葉期棉花轉(zhuǎn)至水培,恢復(fù)2 d后轉(zhuǎn)移至霍格蘭氏(Hoagland’s)營(yíng)養(yǎng)液,分別用100 μmol·L-1 ABA和15%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))PEG 6000處理[17],收集處理后0 h、2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h和24 h的棉花葉片。提取RNA并進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,方法同1.3。根據(jù)測(cè)序獲得的GhWRKY44 CDS序列,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)引物,以GhUBQ7基因(GenBank登錄號(hào)為DQ116441)作為內(nèi)參,引物序列見(jiàn)表1。使用ABI 7500快速實(shí)時(shí)PCR儀器,反應(yīng)體積為20 μL。擴(kuò)增程序參照熒光定量試劑盒說(shuō)明書。采用2-△△Ct法[18]分析目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,設(shè)置3個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù)。
1.5 GhWRKY44基因沉默載體構(gòu)建
在GhWRKY44(Gh_A04G096000)的3’ UTR區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)含有EcoR I和BamH I酶切位點(diǎn)的引物(序列見(jiàn)表1),以CQJ-5葉片的DNA為模板進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,將PCR產(chǎn)物和空載體TRV2分別進(jìn)行雙酶切后連接,并轉(zhuǎn)化至DH5α感受態(tài),經(jīng)測(cè)序得到TRV2-GhWRKY44質(zhì)粒。采用凍融法[19]分別將TRV1、TRV2、TRV2-GhWRKY44和TRV2-GhCLA1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)入農(nóng)桿菌GV3101。
1.6 VIGS實(shí)驗(yàn)及沉默效率檢測(cè)
待棉花生長(zhǎng)至兩葉一心期,將TRV::GhWRKY44重組質(zhì)粒、TRV::00(空載體對(duì)照)和TRV::GhCLA1(陽(yáng)性對(duì)照)分別與TRV1菌液按體積比1∶1混合后注射至葉片。注射后15 d采用qRT-PCR方法檢測(cè)GhWRKY44在基因沉默植株中的表達(dá)情況,具體方法參照1.4。共3次重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)20株棉花。
1.7 干旱脅迫處理及相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定
通過(guò)控制灌水進(jìn)行干旱脅迫處理。在干旱脅迫前,所有棉株定期灌水7 d;停止灌水15 d,其間觀察TRV::GhWRKY44基因沉默棉株和對(duì)照棉株TRV::00的表型;復(fù)水培養(yǎng)3 d,觀察棉株表型,統(tǒng)計(jì)存活率。共3次重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)20株棉花。
取干旱處理前TRV::00和TRV::GhWRKY44棉株相同部位的葉片,用萬(wàn)分之一天平(上海恒平天平科學(xué)儀器有限公司)稱量,隨后在培養(yǎng)箱(25 ℃,60%濕度)中進(jìn)行脫水處理,每隔1 h測(cè)定1次葉片質(zhì)量,共測(cè)量7次[20]。3次重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10株棉花。按照以下公式計(jì)算失水率:失水率=(脫水前質(zhì)量-脫水后質(zhì)量)/脫水前質(zhì)量×100%。
使用SPAD-502PLUS葉綠素儀(日本柯尼卡美能達(dá)公司)測(cè)量干旱處理前和處理后15 d TRV::00和TRV::GhWRKY44棉花第2片真葉的SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development)值[21]。共3次重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10株棉花。
1.8 數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析
采用SPSS 17.0進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)和方差分析,并使用GraphPad Prism 6.0繪圖。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 GhWRKY44基因的生物信息學(xué)分析
從陸地棉CQJ-5中克隆出GhWRKY44基因的CDS,長(zhǎng)度為1 404 bp。經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè),GhWRKY44具有5個(gè)外顯子、3個(gè)內(nèi)含子,編碼的蛋白包括467個(gè)氨基酸殘基,蛋白質(zhì)分子質(zhì)量為11.32 kDa,等電點(diǎn)為5.02。多序列比對(duì)結(jié)果顯示,GhWRKY44的氨基酸序列有2個(gè)保守的“WRKYGQK”基序和2個(gè)C2H2鋅指狀基序,屬于WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族Ia類成員(圖1)。
系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析結(jié)果表明,GhWRKY44與GbWRKY44聚集在同一分支上且親緣關(guān)系較近,均屬于Ⅰ類WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(圖2)。
經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè),GhWRKY44的啟動(dòng)子區(qū)除了含有CAAT-box和TATA-box基本啟動(dòng)子順式作用元件外,還有參與生長(zhǎng)素反應(yīng)的順式調(diào)控元件(AuxRR-core)、參與茉莉酸甲酯反應(yīng)的順式作用調(diào)控元件(CGTCA-motif和TGACG-motif)、參與干旱誘導(dǎo)的MYB結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(MYB和Myb)和參與干旱響應(yīng)的MYC元件等(表2)。
2.2 GhWRKY44基因的表達(dá)模式分析
根據(jù)棉花基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),GhWRKY44基因在根、莖、葉、花藥、萼片和花托中均有一定的表達(dá)量,其中在萼片中的表達(dá)量最高,在花藥中的表達(dá)量最低(圖3A)。
qRT-PCR結(jié)果表明,在ABA處理下,GhWRKY44在CQJ-5葉片中的表達(dá)量整體呈先降低后升高再降低的趨勢(shì),在處理后2 h、4 h和6 h的表達(dá)量均低于0 h,處理后12 h的表達(dá)量顯著升高并達(dá)到峰值(為0 h的2.83倍),處理后24 h表達(dá)量有所下降,但仍顯著高于處理后0 h(圖3B)。在PEG 6000脅迫下,GhWRKY44在CQJ-5葉片中的表達(dá)量整體呈先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),在處理后2 h和4 h的表達(dá)量顯著高于0 h,在處理后4 h其表達(dá)量達(dá)到峰值(圖3C)。上述結(jié)果表明GhWRKY44基因的表達(dá)響應(yīng)ABA和PEG 6000脅迫處理。
2.4 沉默GhWRKY44降低棉花對(duì)干旱脅迫的耐受性
農(nóng)桿菌侵染大約14 d后,TRV::GhCLA1植株葉片出現(xiàn)白化表型(圖4A)。qRT-PCR結(jié)果表明,與對(duì)照TRV::00相比,3個(gè)TRV::GhWRKY44株系中GhWRKY44基因的表達(dá)量均顯著下降(圖4B)。
干旱處理15 d后,TRV::00植株的葉片萎蔫程度較TRV::GhWRKY44植株輕(圖4C);TRV::00植株的存活率為91.7%,TRV::GhWRKY44植株的存活率為12.6%,二者存在顯著差異(圖4D)。對(duì)干旱處理前的TRV::00和TRV::GhWRKY44棉株葉片進(jìn)行失水率測(cè)定,發(fā)現(xiàn)脫水處理后1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、5 h、6 h和7 h,TRV::GhWRKY44植株的失水率均高于TRV::00植株,在處理6 h和7 h TRV::GhWRKY44植株葉片失水率顯著高于TRV::00植株(圖4E)。在干旱脅迫前和干旱脅迫后15 d,TRV::GhWRKY44植株的葉片SPAD值均顯著低于TRV::00植株(圖4F)。
3 討論
WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子參與調(diào)控植物的發(fā)育、衰老、種子發(fā)育、種子休眠和萌發(fā)、生物脅迫及非生物脅迫響應(yīng)等多個(gè)方面[4]。小麥TaWRKY72B啟動(dòng)子區(qū)包括ABA響應(yīng)元件(ABA response element, ABRE)、干旱誘導(dǎo)的MYB結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(MYB binding site, MBS)、低溫響應(yīng)元件(low temperature response element, LTR)以及茉莉酸甲酯響應(yīng)元件等,并且TaWRKY72B基因受ABA、低溫、高溫和植物激素誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)[22]。大豆GmWRKY40啟動(dòng)子區(qū)包含ABRE元件、MBS元件、乙烯應(yīng)答元件(ethylene response element, ERF)以及植物激素應(yīng)答元件,并且其受到鹽、ABA和乙烯脅迫誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)[23]。本研究從陸地棉CQJ-5中克隆了GhWRKY44基因,多序列比對(duì)結(jié)果顯示GhWRKY44的氨基酸序列包含2個(gè)保守的WRKY基序和2個(gè)C2H2型鋅指狀基序,屬于Ⅰa類WRKY成員,系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹分析發(fā)現(xiàn)GhWRKY44與GbWRKY44在同一分支,親緣關(guān)系最近。GhWRKY44的啟動(dòng)子區(qū)包括植物激素和干旱響應(yīng)元件,表明GhWRKY44基因可能受干旱脅迫誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)。
干旱嚴(yán)重影響棉花的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量形成。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一些WRKY基因在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上響應(yīng)干旱脅迫,如PmWRKY[24]、StWRKY[25]、SbWRKY[26]、CmWRKY[27]和MsWRKY[28]等。陸地棉中有102個(gè)WRKY基因,其中部分基因響應(yīng)干旱脅迫[11]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PEG 6000模擬干旱和ABA處理均可誘導(dǎo)GhWRKY44的表達(dá)。
前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn),棉花WRKY轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在干旱脅迫下既能發(fā)揮正調(diào)控作用又能發(fā)揮負(fù)調(diào)控作用。例如,利用VIGS技術(shù)沉默GhWRKY33基因(Ⅲ類成員)可增強(qiáng)棉花的抗旱性[29]。在擬南芥中過(guò)表達(dá)GhWRKY1-like(Ⅲ類成員)可影響ABA的合成,增強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)基因植株的抗旱性[30]。利用VIGS技術(shù)在棉花中沉默Gh_A11G1801基因(Ⅱd亞組成員),導(dǎo)致葉片丙二醛含量升高,過(guò)氧化氫酶活性降低,增強(qiáng)棉花幼苗對(duì)干旱脅迫的敏感性[31]。利用VIGS技術(shù)沉默GhWRKY25基因(Ⅰ類成員)可提高棉花抗旱性[29]。有趣的是,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)GhWRKY44屬于Ⅰa類成員,利用VIGS技術(shù)沉默GhWRKY44基因?qū)е旅藁ǖ拇婊盥屎蚐PAD值顯著降低,葉片失水率增加,這與GhWRKY25基因的抗旱作用相反。系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析表明GhWRKY25與GhWRKY44都屬于Ⅰ類WRKY但并不在同一分支。Zhang等[32]研究表明,作為進(jìn)化祖先,Ⅰ類WRKY成員的功能不像Ⅱ類或Ⅲ類WRKY成員那樣多樣化。本研究豐富了棉花Ⅰ類WRKY成員的功能。GhWRKY44正調(diào)控棉花對(duì)干旱脅迫的響應(yīng),為棉花抗旱育種提供了候選基因。下一步可通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)基因過(guò)表達(dá)和基因編輯技術(shù)等獲得穩(wěn)定的遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化材料,以進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證該基因的生物學(xué)功能并探究其作用機(jī)制。
4 結(jié)論
PEG 6000和ABA可誘導(dǎo)棉花葉片中GhWRKY44基因表達(dá)。與對(duì)照棉株相比,GhWRKY44基因沉默棉株在干旱脅迫下的存活率和葉片SPAD值顯著降低,脫水處理后的葉片失水率明顯增加,說(shuō)明GhWRKY44是棉花干旱脅迫耐受能力的正調(diào)控因子。
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(責(zé)任編輯:王小璐 責(zé)任校對(duì):王國(guó)鑫)