摘 要:產業興旺是鄉村振興的重點,食用菌產業經營成本較低、經濟效益較好、市場前景較廣,是助推鄉村振興的重要產業。從自然資源、政策支持、科技創新、品種結構、產量產值、生產加工6個方面對湖南省食用菌產業發展的基本情況進行分析,指出湖南省食用菌產業發展存在的問題:科技創新不強,專技人才缺乏;產業規模較小,標準化水平不高;精深加工不足,產品附加值低;龍頭企業較少,營銷渠道不暢。在此基礎上,提出了湖南省食用菌產業發展的策略建議:加強科技創新,加大人才培養力度;完善產業標準體系,提升產業鏈現代化水平;打造地理標志農產品,培育壯大龍頭企業;構建現代化營銷體系,推動多產業融合發展。
關鍵詞:鄉村振興;湖南;食用菌產業
中圖分類號:F327 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)06-0084-04
Abstract:Industrial prosperity is the focus of rural revitalization, and the edible fungi industry, with relatively low operating costs, good economic benefits and broad market prospects, is an important industry to promote rural revitalization. This paper analyzes the basic situation of edible fungi industry development in Hunan Province from six aspects: natural resources, policy support, scientific and technological innovation, variety structure, output and value, and production and processing. What’s more, it points out the existing problems: the capability for scientific and technological innovation is not strong, and there is a shortage of skilled personnel; the industrial scale is relatively small, and the standardization level is not high; deep processing is insufficient, and the added value of products is low; there are a small number of leading enterprises, and marketing channels are not smooth. Hence, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the development: to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, and increase cultivation of professionals; to improve the industrial standard system, and elevate the modernization level of the industrial chain; to create agricultural products with geographical indications, and cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises; to establish a modernized marketing system, and promote the integrated development of multiple industries.
Key words:rural revitalization; Hunan; edible fungi industry
黨的十九大報告首次提出實施鄉村振興戰略,黨的二十大報告明確強調全面推進鄉村振興。鄉村產業發展是鄉村振興的源頭活水與根本所在,產業興旺是鄉村振興的重點[1]。2023年中央一號文件提出,要“構建多元化食物供給體系”“培育壯大食用菌和藻類產業”。食用菌擁有獨特的鮮味,具有蛋白質高、脂肪低、富含維生素與礦物質的特點,具有較高的食用價值,故食用菌被視為一種重要的經濟作物,在我國農業種植體系中的地位極高,食用菌產業已成為我國繼糧、油、菜、果之后的第五大種植產業[2]。研究表明,一些食用菌體內所含有的多種生物活性物質,具有抗癌、抗菌、防治心血管疾病、助消化、降血糖和通便利尿等多種功效,蘊含巨大的藥用保健價值[3]?!?br>