




摘 要:為了探索非洲豬瘟(African swine fever,ASF)常態(tài)化防控背景下垂直立體通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的生物安全性,研究設(shè)置自然通風(fēng)(CK)、垂直立體通風(fēng)、縱向通風(fēng)、無動力風(fēng)機4種通風(fēng)模式,研究了其對豬舍氣象條件、有害氣體濃度、粉塵濃度、微生物氣溶膠濃度和豬只健康的影響。結(jié)果表明:垂直立體通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)能顯著改善舍內(nèi)氣象指標(biāo),具體表現(xiàn)為降低豬舍的平均溫度和相對濕度,提高平均風(fēng)速;降低有害氣體濃度、微粒濃度和微生物氣溶膠濃度;減少舍內(nèi)病原菌含量;提高豬只抗體水平和豬群健康度。在當(dāng)前ASF常態(tài)化防控背景下,建議有條件的規(guī)模化養(yǎng)豬企業(yè)推廣應(yīng)用垂直立體通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。
關(guān)鍵詞:垂直立體通風(fēng)系統(tǒng);氣象條件;有害氣體;微粒;微生物氣溶膠;豬群健康度
中圖分類號:S828 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)06-0073-06
Abstract: In order to explore the safety of the vertical tridimensional ventilation system under the background of normalized prevention and control of African swine fever (ASF), the effects of four ventilation modes, namely natural ventilation (CK), vertical tridimensional ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, and unpowered fan, on the meteorological conditions, harmful gas concentration, dust concentration, microbial aerosol concentration and pig health in pig farms were compared. The results show that the vertical tridimensional ventilation system can significantly improve the meteorological indicators inside the pigsty, specifically by reducing the average temperature and relative humidity of the pigsty, and increasing the average wind speed; can reduce the concentrations of harmful gases, particles and microbial aerosols; can reduce the level of pathogenic organisms in the pigsty; and can improve pig antibody levels and swinery health. In the current context of ASF normalization prevention and control, it is suggested that large-scale pig farming enterprises with required conditions should promote the application of vertical tridimensional ventilation system.
Key words:vertical tridimensional ventilation system; meteorological conditions; harmful gas; particles; microbial aerosol; swinery health
非洲豬瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是全球養(yǎng)豬業(yè)最嚴(yán)重的豬病之一[1]。目前,養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)管理中,通過減少豬只轉(zhuǎn)群、飼喂預(yù)防藥劑、及時清理糞水、加強通風(fēng)等措施來防范ASF的發(fā)生,但豬舍內(nèi)的氣象條件還是經(jīng)常不達(dá)標(biāo),具體表現(xiàn)為有害氣體、粉塵等蓄積性物質(zhì)超標(biāo)[2],懸浮的固體微粒、液體粒子、微生物和水結(jié)合后形成微生物氣溶膠等。空氣中的微生物氣溶膠包括細(xì)菌、真菌和病毒3大類[3],其粒徑大小決定了其在空中的擴(kuò)散距離、懸浮時間和進(jìn)入呼吸道的深度[4]。10 μm以上粒徑的氣溶膠可被阻檔在鼻腔內(nèi),5~10 μm粒徑的氣溶膠可被阻擋在呼吸道和支氣管內(nèi),5 μm以下粒徑的氣溶膠可進(jìn)入細(xì)支氣管,小于1 μm粒徑的氣溶膠可進(jìn)入肺泡內(nèi)[5]。……