不同環境因子對不結球白菜軟腐病發生的影響?

摘 要：以不結球白菜品種甬青8號為試材，采用軟腐病菌葉基部刺傷接種法，開展了不同溫度、濕度和接種量對不結球白菜軟腐病發生影響的研究。結果表明：溫度、濕度和接種量對軟腐病的發生均有顯著性影響，發病率和病情指數都隨著溫度的增加而上升，30和35℃處理的發病率與病情指數都分別達到100%和100，均顯著高于其他處理，而20℃處理的發病率與病情指數分別為52.67%和36.48，均顯著低于25℃處理；濕度是影響軟腐病發生的關鍵因子，高濕有利于病害的發生，RH為80%～100%處理的發病率和病情指數都分別達到100%和100，均顯著高于其他處理，而RH為0%～60%處理的發病率和病情指數分別僅為2.67%和1.52，均與清水處理（CK）無顯著性差異；發病率和病情指數均隨著接種量（菌液濃度）的增加而上升，菌液濃度為1×106和1×108 CFU/mL處理的發病率和病情指數都分別達到100%和100，均顯著高于其他處理，而菌液濃度為1×102 CFU/mL處理的軟腐病發病率和病情指數分別僅為6.00%和5.05，均與CK無顯著性差異。

關鍵詞：不結球白菜；軟腐??；溫度；空氣濕度；接種濃度；發病率；病情指數

中圖分類號：S634 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）06-0070-03

Abstract：Using non-heading Chinese cabbage Yongqing No. 8 as experimental material， the influence of variable temperature， air relative humidity （RH） and inoculum on the occurrence of soft rot in non-heading chinese cabbage was studied via the leaf base puncture innoculation. The results showed that the factors of temperature， air relative humidity and inoculum significantly influenced the occurrence of soft rot. With the increase of temperature， the morbidity and disease index increased，" reaching 100% and 100， respectively both at 30℃ and 35℃ which were significantly higher than the other treatments， while at 20℃ were 52.67% and 36.48， respectively， significantly lower than at 25℃. Air relative humidity is the key factor affecting the occurrence of soft rot; high humidity is conducive to the occurrence of diseases. The morbidity and disease index of RH 80%-100% treatment were 100% and 100， respectively， both significantly higher than those of the other treatments， while those of RH 0%-60% treatment were only 2.67% and 1.52， respectively， not significantly different from CK （clean water treatment）. The morbidity and disease index increased with the increase of the inoculum （concentration of bacterial solution）， reaching 100% and 100， respectively at an inoculum of 1×106 or 1×108 CFU/mL，" which were significantly higher than the other treatments， whereas were only 6.00% and 5.05， respectively at an inoculum of 1×102 CFU/mL， presenting no significant difference compared to CK.

Key words：non-heading Chinese cabbage; soft rot; temperature; air relative humidity; inoculum concentration; morbidity; diesase index

不結球白菜（Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis Makina），又稱青菜、小白菜，是我國主要蔬菜作物之一，具有種類多樣、生育期短、采收期靈活、復種指數和經濟效益高等特點，在維持蔬菜市場均衡供應中起到重要作用。細菌性軟腐病是不結球白菜的一種重要病害，在整個生長期均可為害，其病原菌為胡蘿卜軟腐果膠桿菌（Pectobacteriumcaro- tovorum）。該病可在我國大部分地區廣泛發生，主要通過土壤、堆肥、灌溉水等傳播，其發病極快，在高溫多雨天氣下發病尤為嚴重，能夠導致產量和品質大幅度下降，從而造成巨大的經濟損失[1]。……