玉米–大豆帶狀復合種植苗前封閉除草藥劑篩選

摘 要：為了篩選適宜在玉米–大豆帶狀復合種植苗前封閉除草時使用的除草劑，以異丙甲草胺、乙草胺、噻吩磺隆和唑嘧磺草胺為供試藥劑，以湘春豆V8（大豆）和登海605（玉米）為供試作物品種，在湖南省邵陽市大祥區臺上村開展田間試驗，考察各藥劑對雜草的防效以及對作物農藝性狀、產量和效益等的影響。結果表明：藥后30 d，異丙甲草胺＋唑嘧磺草胺和乙草胺＋唑嘧磺草胺這2個處理對田間雜草的綜合防效達80%以上，對常見的蒼耳、狗尾草、活血丹等雜草防效達90%以上；藥害調查結果表明，供試的除草劑對玉米、大豆幼苗均未產生顯著藥害，雖然上述2個處理對幼苗株高有一定的影響，但最終并未對產量造成影響，而且純收入分別比未除草的對照高171.51和176.30元/667m2，可以作為玉米–大豆帶狀復合種植時苗前封閉除草的備選藥劑。

關鍵詞：玉米–大豆帶狀復合種植；封閉除草；防效；安全性

中圖分類號：S513 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）06-0066-04

Abstract：In order to screen herbicides suitable for closed weeding before maize-soybean strip intercropping seedlings emerging， metolachlor， acetochlor， thiefensulfuron-methyl and flumetsulam were used as test agents， and Xiangchundou V8 （soybean） and Denghai 605 （maize） were used as test crop varieties. The field experiment was carried out in Taishang Village， Daxiang District， Shaoyang City， Hunan Province， to explore the effectiveness of various herbicides on weed control and their impact on crop agronomic traits， yield， and benefits. The results showed that 30 days after the treatment， the comprehensive control effects of metolachlor + flumetsulam， and acetochlor + flumetsulam on weeds in the field were both more than 80%， and on common weeds such as Xanthium strumarium， Setaria viridis and Glechoma longituba were more than 90%. The results of the herbicide damage investigation showed that the tested herbicides did not cause significant damage to maize and soybean seedlings. Although the above two treatments had a certain impact on the seedling height， they did not ultimately affect the yield， moreover， the net income was respectively 2 572.65 and 2 644.50 yuan/hm2 higher than the control without weeding. So the combination of metolachlor + flumetsulam， or acetochlor + flumetsulam can be used as an alternative agent for pre-emergence closed weeding in maize-soybean strip interplanting.

Key words： maize-soybean strip intercropping; closed weeding; control effect; security

玉米–大豆帶狀復合種植技術是農業農村部主推的一項種植技術，該技術充分利用了“高位主體、高低協同”的原理，高效利用光能，使冠層光環境得到改善，增加作物的光合產物，進而提高產量；同時，也利用種間協作促進作物對養分的吸收利用，進而提升品質[1-2]。

經過長期的自然選擇，相對于作物，雜草更具有競爭力。雜草除了與作物競爭水分、陽光、養分外，還會增加病蟲害的發生，從而影響作物的產量以及品質[3]。雜草是危害玉米、大豆產量的主要因素之一。……