


摘 要:為了解大圍山國家森林公園外來入侵植物的分布情況及特征,通過實地考察結合文獻資料、網絡資源和走訪調查的方式確定了大圍山國家森林公園外來入侵植物的相關情況,并對其進行風險評估和危害等級劃分。結果表明:大圍山國家森林公園現有外來入侵植物共24種(含變種),隸屬于9科20屬,其中,菊科(13種)為入侵最為嚴重的科,占大圍山國家森林公園外來入侵植物總種數的54.16%;入侵植物中以一年生或二年生草本植物居多(19種),占總數的79.17%;入侵植物主要來源于美洲,共18種,占總種數的70.83%;從入侵等級看,外來入侵植物中惡性入侵種(1級)10種,嚴重入侵種(2級)6種,一般入侵種(4級)4種,有待觀察種(5級)4種。大圍山國家森林公園的外來入侵植物種類日漸繁多且傳播途徑多樣,這與大圍山獨特的地理位置以及日趨頻繁的人類活動息息相關,應當加強監管,根據情況及時防范,并對外來物種采取相應的管控和治理。
關鍵詞:大圍山;國家森林公園;入侵植物;物種組成
中圖分類號:S45 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)06-0061-05
Abstract: The distribution status and characteristics of invasive alien plants in Daweishan National Forest Park were studied based on field investigation, literature review, network resources and interview survey, and the hazard levels were evaluated and graded. The results have shown that there are 24 species (including varieties) of alien invasive plants in Daweishan National Forest Park, belonging to 9 families and 20 genera. Among them, Asteraceae (13 species) is the most invasive family, accounting for 54.16% of the total invasive species. Most of the invasive plants are annual or biennial herbs (19 species), accounting for 79.17% of the total. There are 18 species of invasive plants from America, accounting for 70.83% of the total. According to the invasion grade, there are 10 malignant invasive species (grade 1), 6 serious invasive species (grade 2), 4 general invasive species (grade 4), and 4 species needing to be observed (grade 5). The species of invasive alien plants in Daweishan National Forest Park are becoming more and more diverse and their transmission routes are diversified, which is closely related to the unique geographical location of Daweishan Mountain and the increasingly frequent human activities. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and timely prevention according to the situation, and take corresponding control and management measures on alien species.
Key words:Daweishan National Forest Park; invasive plants; species composition
生物入侵指非原生態系統的生物種或原生態系統中已經滅絕的生物種,通過自然或人為的途徑,在新生境中生存適應,逐漸成為優勢種群或單一優勢種群,對新生境中的生物多樣性、生態環境、人們的生活與生產、社會經濟發展以及人類的生存健康等造成巨大損失或災難性危害的生物侵入現象或過程[1]。生物入侵已被公認是除生境破壞之外,造成生物多樣性喪失的最重要因素之一。……