控釋氮肥根區優化施用對雙季稻根系發育和產量的影響?

摘 要：為探索控釋氮肥和優化施肥位置等技術手段在雙季稻的應用效果，開展了控釋氮肥根區優化施用田間試驗，試驗設4個處理：不施氮肥（CK）、根區常規施肥處理（RCF，氮肥為尿素，根區施肥為常規位置）、根區優化氮肥種類處理（RCFK，在RCF的基礎上，氮肥40%為尿素，60%為控釋氮肥）、根區優化氮肥種類和位置處理（RCFKP，在RCFK的基礎上優化根區施肥的位置），分析了根系生長發育、水稻產量、植株氮素積累量和肥料利用率等指標，并進一步對根系特征與肥料利用率的關系進行了量化分析。結果表明：與其他處理相比，RCFKP處理下早、晚稻的根直徑、體積、表面積、干重和根長均顯著增加，從而顯著提高水稻產量及氮肥利用率。與CK、RCF和RCFK處理相比，RCFKP處理的早晚稻產量分別增加7.30%～48.43%和8.65%～57.28%，早晚稻的秸稈氮素積累量分別增加18.23%～165.15%和14.74%～96.19%，早晚稻的籽粒氮素積累量分別顯著增加12.62%～138.49%和17.25%～142.60%，早晚稻的植株氮素積累量分別顯著增加15.03%～149.54%和16.18%～120.59%，早晚稻的氮肥利用率分別顯著增加27.88%～65.55%和34.18%～75.03%。 通過擬合方程發現，所有根系特征指標均與氮肥利用率呈顯著正相關關系（P＜0.05），說明根區優化施肥可以通過促進根系生長顯著提高水稻產量。因此，施用40%尿素和60%控釋肥且根區優化施肥的方式可促進水稻根系生長發育，從而促進其對養分的吸收利用，增加水稻植株氮積累量和氮肥吸收利用率，使水稻增產。

關鍵詞：控釋氮肥；根區施肥；水稻；根系特征；氮素積累量；氮肥利用率

中圖分類號：S511.420.62 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）06-0049-06

Abstract：In order to explore the application effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the optimization of fertilization position on double-cropping rice， a field experiment including 4 treatments： no nitrogen fertilizer （CK）， conventional fertilization in the root zone （RCF： urea as nitrogen fertilizer， and root zone fertilization in the conventional position）， optimized nitrogen fertilizer type treatment in the root zone （RCFK： on the basis of RCF， 40% urea and 60% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer were used）， and optimized nitrogen fertilizer type and position treatment in the root zone （RCFKP： on the basis of RCFK， the position of fertilization in the root zone was optimized）， was carried out to analyze the root growth and development， rice yield， plant nitrogen accumulation and fertilizer utilization rate， and further quantitatively analyze the relationship between root characteristics and fertilizer utilization rate. The results showed that compared with other treatments， the root diameter， volume， surface area， dry weight and length of early and late rice were significantly increased in the RCFKP treatment， thereby significantly improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate. Moreover， compared with the CK， RCF and RCFK treatments， the yields of early and late rice in the RCFKP treatments increased by 7.30%-48.43% and 8.65%-57.28%， respectively; the nitrogen accumulation in straw increased by 18.23%-165.15% and 14.74%-96.19%， respectively， in grain significantly increased by 12.62%-138.49% and 17.25%-142.60%， respectively，" in plant significantly increased by 15.03%-149.54% and 16.18%-120.59%， respectively; the nitrogen utilization rate significantly increased by 27.88%-65.55% and 34.18%-75.03%， respectively. Fitting equation revealed that all root characteristic indicators were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen utilization rate （P＜0.05）， indicating that optimized fertilization in the root zone

作為世界上最大的水稻生產國，中國對世界糧食的安全穩定起著舉足輕重的作用，而在我國的水稻生產中，位于長江中下游的雙季稻種植模式一直處于國家水稻生產的主導地位，為國家和地區的糧食安全與穩定發揮著巨大作用。……