




摘 要:通過砂培盆栽的方式,運用單因子方差分析及多重比較、樣本t檢驗的統計方法,探討不同濃度的銻脅迫(0、5、10、20、40、80和100 μmol/L)和銻砷復合脅迫(0+10、5+10、10+10、20+10、40+10、80+10和100+10 μmol/L)對地枇杷生物量、葉綠素含量、葉綠素熒光參數等生理生化指標的影響。結果表明:(1)地枇杷是一種典型的銻耐受性植物,植株體內的銻主要累積在根部;當單一脅迫銻濃度不超過100 μmol/L時,銻對地枇杷的葉綠素含量、光合作用活性影響不大,但地枇杷的干物質累積受到一定的限制;(2)銻砷復合脅迫下,地枇杷根中銻和砷的吸收累積互為促進作用,而莖和葉中砷銻的轉移、存儲互為抑制作用;(3)雖然銻砷復合脅迫會降低地枇杷的干重,但低濃度(5~20 μmol/L)的銻會減輕砷對葉綠體的毒性,而高濃度(40~100 μmol/L)銻會加劇砷對葉綠體的毒性,造成地枇杷光合作用系統的不可逆損傷,使光合作用活性和能力降低;(4)砷對地枇杷的毒害作用明顯比銻強,砷的加入會抑制地枇杷葉干物質積累,而且砷和高濃度銻復合脅迫會降低地枇杷莖的干物質累積。
關鍵詞:地枇杷;銻;砷;葉綠素;生物量
中圖分類號:S667.3;X53 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)06-0026-08
Abstract:In our potted sand culture experiment, the simple factor analysis of variance, methods of multiple comparisons and independent exponent t-test were used to analyze the influence of antimony (Sb) solo stress (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 μmol/L), and antimony and arsenic (AS) combined stress (0+10, 5+10, 10+10, 20+10, 40+10, 80+10 and 100+10 μmol/L) on the physiological change of Ficus tikoua, including biomass, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that: (1) F. tikoua was a typical Sb tolerant plant, and the majority of Sb accumulated in the roots; when the level of Sb solo stress was ≤ 100 μmol/L, the SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were little affect by Sb addition, but the accumulation of dry matter was inhibited to a certain extend; (2) Under the combined stress of Sb and As, the uptake and accumulation of Sb and As by the roots were mutually reinforcing, while the transfer and accumulation of As and Sb in the leaves and stems were mutually inhibited; (3) Although the combined stress of Sb and As caused the dry matter weight to decrease, the low level of Sb (5-20 μmol/L) would alleviate As toxicity to the chloroplasts, the high level of Sb (40-100 μmol/L) would aggravate As toxicity to the chloroplasts, causing irreversible damage to the photosynthesis system and the reduction of the photosynthesis ability and activity; (4) As possessed a stronger toxicity to F. tikoua than Sb, the addition of As would inhibit the accumulation of dry matter in the leaves, and the combined stress of As and high levels of Sb would inhibit the accumulation of dry matter in the stems.
Key words: Ficus tikoua; antimony; arsenic; chlorophyll; biomass
砷和銻位于元素周期表中的第五族,是一類生物體非必需而且具有很強生物毒性的元素。環境中銻砷污染主要來源于人類生產生活中大量含砷和銻廢棄物的無序排放[1]。研究表明,銻污染不僅會對人體造成巨大的健康風險,還會降低植物的光合作用能力,干擾植物營養元素吸收,影響植物干物質的積累[2-3]。砷由于毒性較高,對人體具有強烈的致癌性、致畸性,也會引起植物細胞的過氧化作用、抑制葉綠素合成酶活性、增加質膜的通過性等[4]。……