雙季直播水稻的產(chǎn)量形成及群體光合基礎(chǔ)研究?

摘 要：為了發(fā)掘直播風(fēng)險較小的品種，推薦較好的早晚稻直播品種搭配模式，選用當(dāng)前種植面積較大的早稻品種中早39、湘豐早119、湘早秈6號和湘早秈32號為試材，開展了早晚雙季直播水稻產(chǎn)量形成及群體光合基礎(chǔ)的研究。結(jié)果表明：在直播密度為5.0 kg/667m2的條件下，4個品種的產(chǎn)量均可達到移栽種植的平均水平，其中，早晚雙季直播時湘早秈6號的兩季生育期為172 d、雙季產(chǎn)量為726.0～884.7 kg/667m2，湘早秈32號的兩季生育期為177 d、雙季產(chǎn)量為784.3～847.2 kg/667m2，湘豐早119的兩季生育期為172 d、雙季產(chǎn)量為794.1～990.5 kg/667m2，這3個品種作早晚雙季直播時生育期搭配合適，可以在適合的地區(qū)推廣；中早39和湘豐早119的光合速率較強且后期下降幅度相對較小，其齊穗后最大輸出量和乳熟期至成熟期的群體生長率均顯著大于其他2個品種，且中早39分蘗期至抽穗期的群體生長率最大、湘豐早119抽穗期到乳熟期的群體生長率顯著大于其他品種，這2個品種表現(xiàn)出較好的產(chǎn)量潛力；中早39的每穗粒數(shù)多、產(chǎn)量較高，但生育期相對較長，而湘豐早119的生育期短，屬于多穗、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)品種，推薦采用中早39+湘豐早119的早晚雙季直播模式。

關(guān)鍵詞：雙季稻；直播；產(chǎn)量；光合基礎(chǔ)

中圖分類號：S511 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）06-0015-05

Abstract：In order to find low-risk direct seeding rice cultivars and offer a suitable combination pattern between early and late rice cultivars， an experiment of exploring the yield formation and population photosynthetic basis of double-cropping direct seeding rice was conducted with early rice cultivars Zhongzao 39， Xiangfengzao 119， Xiangzaoxian 6 and Xiangzaoxian 32 planted on a large scale currently. The results showed that at a direct seeding density of 75.0 kg/hm2， the yield of the four varieties could reach the average level of transplanting. Among them， Xiangzaoxian 6 was of a 172 d double-cropping growth period， and 10，890.0-13，270.5 kg/hm2 of double-cropping yield， Xiangzaoxian 32 was 177 d and 11，764.5-12，708 kg/hm2， and Xiangfengzao 119 was 172 d and 11，911.5-14，857.5 kg/hm2; these three varieties are well matched in the growth period for early and late double cropping and can be promoted in suitable regions. The photosynthetic rates of Zhongzao 39 and Xiangfengzao 119 were stronger and decreased less in the later period; meanwhile， their maximum output after full heading and population growth rates from milk ripening to maturity stages were significantly higher than those of the other two varieties; the population growth rate of Zhongzao 39 was the largest from tillering to heading stages， while Xiangfengzao 119 was significantly higher than the other two varieties from heading to milk ripening stages， both of which showed better yield potential; and Zhongzao 39 had more grains per panicle and higher yield， but its growth period was relatively longer， while Xiangfengzao 119 had a short growth period with multiple panicles and stable yield， so it is recommended to adopt the double-season direct cultivation mode of Zhongzao 39 + Xiangfengzao 119.

Key words：double-cropping rice; direct seeding; yield; photosynthetic basis

農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的大批轉(zhuǎn)移，促使以省工、節(jié)本為主要特點的直播等水稻輕簡栽培技術(shù)備受關(guān)注。水稻直播栽培是指不經(jīng)過育秧和移栽，直接將水稻干種子或催芽后的種子播到大田的一種輕簡栽培方式。直播稻不會出現(xiàn)植傷，沒有緩苗和落黃返青階段，生育期一般比移栽縮短7～10 d?！?br>