重金屬低積累水稻品種篩選初報(bào)

摘 要：為了篩選出適合湘西自治州推廣的重金屬低吸收水稻品種，從當(dāng)?shù)刂魍破贩N和湖南省應(yīng)急性鎘低積累水稻品種清單中選取16個(gè)水稻品種，于2021年在花垣縣開展重金屬低積累水稻品種篩選試驗(yàn)，主要考察參試水稻品種的重金屬（鎘、砷）富集系數(shù)和產(chǎn)量。結(jié)果表明：16個(gè)參試水稻品種的鎘超標(biāo)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù)由高到低排列依次為晶兩優(yōu)534、晶兩優(yōu)華占（中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ⅲ），東兩優(yōu)豐占、泓兩優(yōu)503、隆兩優(yōu)華占、冠兩優(yōu)華占、瀘優(yōu)9803、創(chuàng)兩優(yōu)豐占、C兩優(yōu)755、兩優(yōu)336、Y兩優(yōu)9918、悅美占、Y兩優(yōu)2108、和兩優(yōu)1號(hào)（低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ⅱ），隆兩優(yōu)1308、隆兩優(yōu)1212（無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ⅰ）；砷超標(biāo)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù)由高到低排列依次為隆兩優(yōu)1308、和兩優(yōu)1號(hào)（高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ⅳ），C兩優(yōu)755、兩優(yōu)336、悅美占、創(chuàng)兩優(yōu)豐占、泓兩優(yōu)503、Y兩優(yōu)9918、瀘優(yōu)9803、東兩優(yōu)豐占、隆兩優(yōu)華占、隆兩優(yōu)1212、冠兩優(yōu)華占、晶兩優(yōu)華占、晶兩優(yōu)534、Y兩優(yōu)2108（中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ⅲ）；實(shí)際產(chǎn)量最高的是創(chuàng)兩優(yōu)豐占（12 003 kg/hm2），最低的是泓兩優(yōu)503（9 391 kg/hm2），其中泓兩優(yōu)503、悅美占、C兩優(yōu)755減產(chǎn)顯著。綜合考量3種因素后，建議在湘西自治州水稻品種布局時(shí)將隆兩優(yōu)1212、Y兩優(yōu)2108列入推薦名錄，將創(chuàng)兩優(yōu)豐占、兩優(yōu)336、隆兩優(yōu)華占列入一般名錄，將泓兩優(yōu)503淘汰出目錄，其余品種列入觀察名錄。

關(guān)鍵詞：重金屬低積累；水稻；品種篩選；鎘；砷；富集系數(shù)；產(chǎn)量

中圖分類號(hào)：X53；S511 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）06-0007-04

Abstract：To screen out rice varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals for promotion in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture， 16 rice varieties consisting of the local main cultivars and ones selected from Hunan emergency low Cd accumulation rice variety list were involved in the 2021 screening experiment conducted in Huayuan County. The grain yield and bioconcentration factors of heavy metals （cadmium and arsenic） in the rice varieties were mainly investigated. The results showed that according to risk coefficients of Cd exceeding the standard from high to low， the 16 varieties were in order of middle risk Ⅲ： Jing Liangyou 534＞ Jing Liangyou Huazhan＞ low risk II： Dong Liangyou Fengzhan＞ Hong Liangyou 503＞ Long Liangyou Huazhan＞ Guan Liangyou Huazhan gt; Luyou 9803＞ Chuang Liangyou Fengzhan＞ C Liangyou 755＞ Liangyou 336＞ Y Liangyou 9918＞ Yuemeizhan＞ Y Liangyou 2108 gt; He Liangyou No. 1＞ no risk Ⅰ： Long Liangyou 1308 gt; Long Liangyou 1212. The varieties with risk coefficients of As exceeding the standard from high to low was in order of high risk Ⅳ： Long Liangyou 1308＞He Liangyou No.1＞ middle risk Ⅲ： C Liangyou 755＞ Liangyou 336＞ Yuemeizhan＞ Chuang Liangyou Fengzhan＞ Hong Liangyou 503＞ Y Liangyou 9918＞ Luyou 9803 ＞ Dong Liangyou Fengzhan＞ Long Liangyou Huazhan＞ Long Liangyou 1212＞ Guan Liangyou Huazhan＞ Jing Liangyou Huazhan＞ Jing Liangyou 534＞ Y Liangyou 2108. Among them， Chuang Liangyou Fengzhan produced the highest practical yield of 12，003 kg/hm2， the lowest was Hong Liangyou 503 （9，391 kg/hm2）， while Hong Liangyou 503， Yuemeizhan and C Liangyou 755 significantly decreased in yield." Comprehensively considering the above three factors， Long Liangyou 1212 and Y Liangyou 2108 with low accumulation of Cd and As without yield reduction are recommended as the preferred promotion varieties of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture rice varietal arrangement， Chuang Liangyou Fengzhan， Liangyou 336 and Long Liangyou Huazhan are listed in the ordinary catalogue， Hong Liangyou 503 is eliminated from the catalogue， and the others are listed in the observed list.

Key words：low accumulation of heavy metals; rice; varietal screening; cadmium; arsenic; bioconcentration factors; yield

為了加快重金屬污染耕地修復(fù)及農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，課題組從當(dāng)?shù)刂魍破贩N和湖南省應(yīng)急性鎘低積累水稻品種清單中選取16個(gè)水稻品種，于2021年在湘西自治州花垣縣開展品種比較試驗(yàn)，通過(guò)鑒定參試水稻品種的重金屬（鎘、砷）富集系數(shù)和產(chǎn)量，篩選適合湘西自治州推廣的重金屬低吸收水稻品種，構(gòu)建區(qū)域內(nèi)水稻安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，為鎘砷低積累水稻品種推廣提供依據(jù)。……