氨磺靈誘導人參果“圓果”多倍體初探?

摘 要：為探尋高效的人參果多倍體誘導條件，以“圓果”為供試品種，以0.02%的氨磺靈溶液為誘變劑，考察不同處理時間（3、6、9、12 h）對人參果組培苗死亡率和變異情況的影響，以變異植株的形態(tài)指標、葉片氣孔狀態(tài)和染色體倍性為指標確定最佳處理時間。結(jié)果表明：當氨磺靈濃度為0.02%時，隨著處理時間的延長，人參果組培苗的死亡率逐漸增加，而變異率逐漸降低；以處理3 h的組培苗死亡率最低，為20%，變異率最高，為58.33%；經(jīng)計算，0.02%的氨磺靈溶液對人參果“圓果”組培苗的半致死時間為19.40 h；在試驗設(shè)置的處理時間（3～12 h）內(nèi)，獲得的變異植株呈現(xiàn)出植株矮小、莖段增粗、節(jié)間縮短、葉片大且增厚、顏色較深、根增粗、出現(xiàn)變形葉、氣孔較二倍體大、單位面積上氣孔數(shù)量變少等特征；經(jīng)流式細胞儀分析初步判定變異植株為多倍體。綜合結(jié)果表明，在0.02%氨磺靈溶液中浸泡3 h，誘導人參果“圓果”組培苗產(chǎn)生多倍體新種質(zhì)的效果最好。

關(guān)鍵詞：人參果；氨磺靈；誘變；變異率；半致死時間

中圖分類號：S722.35 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）06-0001-06

Abstract：This study aims to explore the conditions for oryzalin efficiently inducing polyploidy of Solanum muricatum Aiton. The tissue culture seedlings of S. muricatum 'Yuanguo' were soaked in 0.02% oryzalin solution for 3 h， 6 h， 9 h and 12 h， respectively. The mortality and variation rate were counted， and the morphological indicators， leaf stomata status and chromosome ploidy of the mutant plants were detected so as to determine the optimal soaking time. The results showed that when the concentration of oryzalin was 0.02%， with the prolongation of soaking time， the mortality of the tissue culture seedlings gradually increased， but the variation rate gradually decreased. The highest variation rate of 58.33% and the lowest mortality of 20% were achieved after soaking for 3 h. The half-lethal time （LT50） of the mutants induced by 0.02% oryzalin was 19.40 h. Within the set treatment time periods （3-12 h）， the obtained mutants were mainly characterized by short plants， thicker stems， shorter internodes， larger and thicker leaves， darker color， thicker roots， deformed leaves， larger stomata， and fewer stomata per unit area compared with the diploids'. The mutant strains were identified as polyploid by flow cytometry. In sum， soaking the stem with buds in 0.02% oryzalin solution for 3 h had the best effect on inducing the polyploidy of S. muricatum 'Yuanguo'.

Key words：Solanum muricatum Aiton; oryzalin; mutagenesis; variation rate; half-lethal time

人參果（Solanum muricatum Aiton）原名香瓜茄、香艷梨、香艷茄等[1]，原產(chǎn)南美洲，為茄科（Solanaceae）茄屬（Solanum）多年生雙子葉草本植物，成熟果實為金黃色或乳色并帶有紫色斑紋，花冠為白色或淡紫色，根系比較發(fā)達[2-3]。人參果果實低糖、低脂肪、高蛋白，果肉清爽多汁，含有多種維生素和微量元素，被譽為“綠色保健品”，有很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?，廣受國內(nèi)外消費者的喜愛[4-5]。但目前人參果品種單一，缺乏優(yōu)良新品種，且品種退化嚴重，植株抗性差，病蟲害較嚴重，易感染疫病，尤其是在高溫多雨季節(jié)病害高發(fā)[6-7]?！?br>