榮昌陶遇見荷蘭瓷 中荷藝術(shù)家共話“陶意融荷”

賀煜

榮昌陶是中國四大名陶之一，代爾夫特藍陶是荷蘭的國寶。當榮昌陶遇到代爾夫特藍陶，會碰撞出怎樣的火花？

9月24日至10月20日，在重慶榮昌區(qū)安富街道安陶小鎮(zhèn)，總能見到幾位外國藝術(shù)家與榮昌本地陶藝大師共同創(chuàng)作陶藝作品的身影，他們時而專注創(chuàng)作、時而交流討論，畫面溫馨和諧。由重慶市政府外辦積極推動，榮昌區(qū)政府與荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館聯(lián)合組織的“千年榮昌·陶意融荷”榮昌—荷蘭陶瓷藝術(shù)交流系列活動在這里舉行。

在為期近一個月的時間里，來自荷蘭的陶瓷藝術(shù)家荷馬西、帕潘、阿德里安·瑞斯與榮昌本地陶藝大師通過現(xiàn)場創(chuàng)作、參觀走訪和座談交流等形式，開展陶藝交流，并將榮昌陶和代爾夫特藍陶的技藝融合，共同創(chuàng)作了50余件陶藝精品，于10月21日舉行的“千年榮昌·陶意融荷”榮昌—荷蘭陶瓷藝術(shù)交流系列活動啟動儀式及藝術(shù)對話活動同期，在榮昌國家級示范性綜合實踐基地亮相展示，一同展出的還有榮昌老中青三代接力傳續(xù)的百余件陶藝作品。

3位荷蘭陶瓷藝術(shù)家將代表荷蘭陶瓷精神的代爾夫特藍陶瓷釉料烙印在榮昌陶器上，展現(xiàn)出了獨特的藝術(shù)風采。荷馬西繪制了一批畫盤和瓶作品；帕潘用現(xiàn)代的觀念和思考表達東方的遠古神秘題材，將中國的龍和兔以不同的形式和方法表現(xiàn)；阿德里安·瑞斯創(chuàng)作了一些獨具風格的雕塑作品。

其中，荷馬西與重慶市工藝美術(shù)大師、陶藝大師張海文共創(chuàng)的作品《荷顏渝色》，荷馬西畫郁金香、張海文畫海棠花，而榮昌和荷蘭分別以海棠花、郁金香而出名。帕潘與張海文共創(chuàng)的作品《國色天香》，則有中國國寶大熊貓和荷蘭國鳥琵鷺等元素。

“早在兩年前，重慶市政府外辦組織外國駐渝領(lǐng)事官員到訪榮昌時，我和夫人就被榮昌的陶文化和技藝深深吸引。眾所周知，荷蘭有著名的代爾夫特藍陶，但代爾夫特藍陶的很多制作技藝和手法都源于對中國陶瓷制作技藝的學習。當時我們就在想，為何不能把中國的陶瓷技藝和荷蘭藝術(shù)家的創(chuàng)造性進行有機結(jié)合？”在活動啟動儀式上，荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事包適表示，此次荷蘭陶瓷藝術(shù)家走進重慶榮昌交流共創(chuàng)，正是荷中陶瓷技藝的有機結(jié)合。舉辦此次藝術(shù)展覽和藝術(shù)對話，為荷蘭與重慶市榮昌區(qū)的藝術(shù)交流播下了一顆種子，也將助力榮昌文化走向世界。

榮昌區(qū)委書記高洪波表示，榮昌陶作為國際文化交流的載體，曾赴東南亞及歐美各國展示交流40多次，與50多個共建“一帶一路”國家開展“陶瓷”社交與商貿(mào)。此次“千年榮昌·陶意融荷”系列活動將從文化交流與對話的角度，以陶器為介鏈接起中國和荷蘭藝術(shù)家，促進中西藝術(shù)文化的交流互鑒，也將有力推動榮昌文化事業(yè)、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量的發(fā)展。

活動現(xiàn)場，“榮昌—荷蘭陶瓷藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作基地”正式授牌；荷馬西、帕潘向榮昌區(qū)捐贈了《黑星 藍眼 影面》和《月中兔》兩件陶藝作品。多位中荷陶瓷藝術(shù)家以陶為媒，開展“藝來八方 陶行天下”榮昌—荷蘭陶瓷藝術(shù)對話，促進中荷陶瓷文化的交流互鑒。

“這次在榮昌交流創(chuàng)作我學到了很多，那些傳承數(shù)百年的優(yōu)秀匠人的品質(zhì)，使他們的工藝不斷傳承、豐富，令人羨慕。”荷馬西表示，在榮昌本地陶藝大師的幫助下，他找到了讓代爾夫特藍釉在低溫下也能發(fā)色的方法，這種探索啟發(fā)了他，也激起了他的好奇心。“我強烈的渴望深入學習這方面的知識，從而將榮昌陶制作技藝充分地融入我的創(chuàng)作。”

在帕潘看來，榮昌之行同樣是一次有趣的體驗。“我在這里以開放的心態(tài)工作，我對歷史和古老的故事都非常感興趣，并以此為出發(fā)點來創(chuàng)作新的故事，其中也包括中國的神話故事。我用不同文化中的元素構(gòu)成我理想中新的東西，我創(chuàng)作中所出現(xiàn)的那些影像，都是具象、超現(xiàn)實和裝飾性的新作品。”

參與交流共創(chuàng)的張海文認為，陶瓷藝術(shù)的特別之處在于不需要同一種語言，就能讓兩國藝術(shù)家共聚一堂交流。他表示，在與荷蘭藝術(shù)家共同創(chuàng)作的過程中，他看見了傳統(tǒng)陶瓷與當代陶瓷的碰撞。中國與荷蘭間的文化交流有無限的潛力，期待兩國藝術(shù)家能以更多元的視角呈現(xiàn)榮昌陶和代爾夫特藍陶的精神面貌，讓雙方陶瓷技藝得到提升，推動陶瓷藝術(shù)發(fā)展。

圖/活動主辦方、受訪者提供

Rongchang Pottery Meeting Dutch Ceramics：

Chinese and Dutch Artists Discussing “The Fusion of Chinese and Dutch Pottery Art”

By He Yu/The World and Chongqing

The Rongchang pottery is one of the four famous potteries in China， while the Delft Blue pottery is a national treasure of the Netherlands. When Rongchang pottery meets Delft Blue， what kind of spark would they generate？

From September 24 to October 20， in Antao Town， Anfu Subdistrict， Rongchang District， Chongqing， several foreign artists were busy working with local pottery masters from Rongchang to create ceramic artworks in a friendly and harmonious atmosphere. They were sometimes engrossed in their own creations and， at other times， engaged in lively discussions. Jointly organized by the Rongchang District Government and the Consulate-General of the Netherlands in Chongqing， and supported by the Chongqing Municipal Foreign Affairs Office， a series of Chinese-Dutch ceramic art exchange activities themed “Pottery Unites Rongchang & The Netherlands” were held.

During the nearly one-month-long event， Dutch ceramic artists Hommarus W. Brusche， Pepijn Van Den Nieuwendijk， Adriaan Rees， and local ceramic masters from Rongchang engaged in ceramic art exchanges through various activities such as on-site creation， visits， and discussions. By integrating the techniques of Rongchang pottery and Delft Blue pottery， they jointly created more than 50 pieces of exquisite ceramic artwork， which were displayed at the launch ceremony and art exchange event “Pottery Unites Rongchang & The Netherlands” on October 21 at the Rongchang National Comprehensive Practice Demonstration Base. Over 100 pieces of ceramic artwork， representing the heritage of three generations of ceramic artists from Rongchang， were also showcased.

The three Dutch ceramic artists have imprinted the iconic Delft Blue ceramic glaze， which represents the essence of Dutch ceramics， on the Rongchang pottery， showcasing their unique artistic style. Mr. Hommarus W. Brusche has created a series of painted plates and vases. Mr. Pepijn Van Den Nieuwendijk presented Chinese dragons and rabbits in different forms and techniques as an expression of ancient Oriental mystical themes with modern concepts and thinking. Mr. Adriaan Rees has created some uniquely styled sculptures.

Among them was an art piece titled “Beauty of the Netherlands and Chongqing”， created collaboratively by Mr. Hommarus W. Brusche and Mr. Zhang Haiwen， a master of arts and crafts and ceramics from Chongqing. Mr. Hommarus W. Brusche painted tulips， which is a proud representation of the Netherlands， while Mr. Zhang Haiwen painted peonies， which Rongchang is famous for. The artwork “Stunning Beauty”， jointly created by Mr. Pepijn Van Den Nieuwendijk and Mr. Zhang Haiwen， incorporated elements such as the Chinese national treasure giant panda and the Dutch national bird heron.

“Two years ago， when the Foreign Affairs Office of the Chongqing Municipal Government organized a visit for consular officers in Chongqing to Rongchang， my wife and I were deeply impressed by Rongchangs ceramic culture and craftsmanship. As we all know， the Netherlands is famous for its Delft Blue ceramics. Many of its production techniques and methods were derived from studying Chinese ceramic craftsmanship. At that time， we were thinking， why not organically combine Chinese ceramic craftsmanship with the creativity of Dutch artists？” said Huub Buise， Consul-General of the Netherlands in Chongqing. At the launch ceremony， Mr. Huub Buise said that the visit of Dutch ceramic artists to Chongqings Rongchang District for exchange and collaboration was exactly an organic fusion of Dutch and Chinese ceramic craftsmanship. This art exhibition and artistic dialogue not only planted a seed for art exchange between the Netherlands and Rongchang District in Chongqing but also increased the global visibility of Rongchangs culture.

Gao Hongbo， Secretary of the CPC Rongchang District Committee， said that Rongchang pottery， as a bridge of international cultural exchange， has been shown in more than 40 exhibitions and exchanges in Southeast Asia， Europe， and America. It has also facilitated ceramic-related social and commercial interactions with over 50 Belt and Road partner countries. The “Pottery Unites Rongchang & The Netherlands” series of activities used pottery art to form a connection between the Chinese and Dutch artists and facilitated cultural exchange and dialogue. It promoted the exchange and mutual learning between Chinese and Western art and culture and will no doubt contribute to the higher-quality development of Rongchangs cultural industry and undertakings.

At the event， the “Rongchang-Netherlands Ceramic Art Base” was officially inaugurated. Mr. Hommarus W. Brusche and Mr. Pepijn Van Den Nieuwendijk offered two pieces of ceramic artwork， “Black Star， Blue Eye and Shadow” and “Rabbit in the Moon” to Rongchang District. During the Rongchang-The Netherlands Ceramic Art Seminar， centered around the theme “Ceramic Art for the World”， Chinese and Dutch artists engaged in passionate conversations around their mutual interest—the art of ceramics.

“I have learned a lot from this creative exchange in Rongchang. The excellent craftsmanship has been passed down from one generation to the next for hundreds of years and has been continuously improved and enriched， which is truly admirable，” said Mr. Hommarus W. Brusche. He said that with the help of Rongchangs pottery masters， he has found a method to make Delft Blue glaze develop color even at low temperatures. This discovery has inspired him and sparked his curiosity. “I have a strong urge to delve deeper into this knowledge in order to fully incorporate the pottery-making techniques of Rongchang into my creations，” he said.

For Mr. Pepijn Van Den Nieuwendijk， the trip to Rongchang was also an interesting experience. He said， “I come here with an open mind to work. I am very interested in history and ancient stories and use them as a starting point to create new stories， including some Chinese mythological stories. I use elements from different cultures to create something new that suits my ideals. The images that appear in my creations are concrete， surreal， and decorative new works.”

Mr. Zhang Haiwen， who was a co-creator， believed that the uniqueness of ceramic art lies in the fact that artists from two countries can gather and communicate without speaking the same language. He said that during the collaborative creation process with Dutch artists， he witnessed the synergy from the encounter between traditional ceramics and contemporary ceramics. The potential for cultural exchange between China and the Netherlands are infinite. He looks forward to artists from both countries presenting the spirit of Rongchang pottery and Delft Blue pottery from more diverse perspectives， enhancing their craftsmanship， and promoting the development of ceramic art.

Photo/Event Organizers and Interviewees