張艷 田海娟 張傳智



摘 要:以燕麥、薏米、青稞及小米4種雜糧為原料制備了雜糧粉,通過單因素試驗和正交試驗確定擠壓膨化的最佳工藝條件為物料水分添加量19%、喂料速度26 Hz、擠壓溫度145 ℃、螺桿速度25 Hz,此條件下雜糧粉的糊化度達到89.73%。
關鍵詞:雜糧粉;擠壓膨化工藝;糊化度
Optimization of Extrusion Process for Preparation of Coarse Grain Powder
ZHANG Yan, TIAN Haijuan, ZHANG Chuanzhi
(Jilin Business and Technology College, School of Grain Science and Technology, Changchun 130507, China)
Abstract: Four kinds of coarse grains, namely, oats, coix seed, hulless barley and millet, were used as raw materials for the preparation of coarse grain powder, and the optimal process conditions for extrusion and expansion were determined by single-factor and orthogonal experiment to be 19% of the material moisture addition, 26 Hz of the feeding speed, 145 ℃ of the extrusion temperature, and 25 Hz of the screw speed, and the gelatinization degree of the coarse grain powder reached 89.73% under these conditions.
Keywords: coarse grain powder; extrusion process; gelatinization degree
我國雜糧栽種歷史悠久、資源豐富、品種多樣,素有“雜糧王國”的美稱。雜糧營養豐富,富含蛋白質、維生素、礦物質及多種功能因子,兼具藥食兩用的獨特功效,由于生長地域和氣候的特殊要求,雜糧更成為遠離污染的無公害天然綠色食品。隨著人們生活水平的日益提高,雜糧食品以其獨特的營養價值和綠色環保特點,俘獲了眾多食客。因此,雜糧食品具有廣闊的市場發展前景[1-2]。
擠壓膨化是指物料在高溫高壓及擠壓機螺桿的推動作用下,被擠出模孔的瞬間,壓力瞬間降低,使得物料的性質及組織結構發生變化的過程[3]。擠壓膨化法技術成熟,功效顯著,可處理多種原料來源的膳食纖維,且經擠壓膨脹后的可溶性膳食纖維的含量和質量都有顯著提高。糊化度是衡量谷物食品熟化程度的指標,也是反映擠壓效果的重要指標[4]。本研究以燕麥、薏米、青稞、小米4種雜糧為原料,制備一種速溶雜糧粉。在保證4種雜糧特有營養價值的前提下,通過雙螺桿擠壓改性4種雜糧,改善原料制粉后的糊化性。經過單因素、正交試驗優化雙螺桿擠壓膨化參數,得到最佳工藝參數,為擠壓膨化制備速溶雜糧粉提供數據支持。……