環境熱應激對畜禽養殖及肉質影響的研究進展

王玥　白秀玉　李強　曹洪防　杜鵬飛　柳堯波　馬艷麗　胡鵬　李騰飛　潘林香　王維婷

摘 要：熱應激是畜禽養殖加工業的主要環境應激源之一，國內外研究者發現，當環境溫濕度超出畜禽耐受范圍時，養殖動物會出現精神萎靡、采食量降低等熱應激反應，此時體內出現的激素水平改變、血液蛋白水平改變、抗氧化能力降低等一系列生理生化及病理變化，將導致畜禽體質量降低、肉質變差或死亡，造成不可挽回的經濟損失。畜牧業是肉類食品的重要來源，是人們飲食結構中的重要蛋白來源途徑，熱應激帶來的肉品質下降在造成經濟損失的同時，還會產生食品營養及安全等問題。本文對上述研究進行梳理，從畜禽熱應激的定義、畜禽熱應激行為反應機制、畜禽熱應激生理反應機制、畜禽熱應激對肉品質的影響及熱應激緩解管理措施等方面進行綜述，為畜禽熱應激反應的判別及緩解策略提供參考。

關鍵詞：畜禽養殖；熱應激；肉質改變；研究進展

Progress in Research on the Effects of Environmental Heat Stress on Livestock and Poultry Farming and Meat Quality

WANG Yue1，2， BAI Xiuyu1，2， LI Qiang3， CAO Hongfang4， DU Pengfei1， LIU Yaobo1，

MA Yanli1， HU Peng1， LI Tengfei2， PAN Linxiang5， WANG Weiting1，*

（1.Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Key Laboratory of Agro-Products

Processing Technology of Shandong Province， Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， China; 2.School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056038， China; 3.Jinan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station， Jinan 250306， China;

4.Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jinan， Jinan 250099， China;

5.Shandong Yingtai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co. Ltd.， Jinan? ?271100， China）

Abstract： Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors in the livestock and poultry farming and processing industry. Researchers from China and abroad have found that when the environmental temperature and humidity exceed the tolerance range of farmed animals， they will suffer from heat stress reactions such as mental depression and reduced food intake. At this time， a series of physiological， biochemical and pathological changes such as changes in hormone levels and blood protein levels， and decreases in antioxidant capacity will occur， which can lead to body mass loss， meat quality deterioration， or death of livestock and poultry， causing irreparable economic losses. Animal farming is an important source of meat products and an important protein source in peoples dietary structure. The decrease in meat quality caused by heat stress not only causes economic losses， but also causes food nutrition and safety issues. This article summarizes the definition of heat stress in livestock and poultry， the behavioral and physiological response mechanism of heat stressed livestock and poultry， the impact of heat stress on meat quality， and the management measures for heat stress relief. It is hoped this article will provide a reference for the identification of and relief strategies for heat stress response in livestock and poultry.

Keywords： livestock and poultry farming; heat stress; changes in meat quality; research progress

DOI：10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20230509-042

中圖分類號：TS251.1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1001-8123（2023）07-0071-08

引文格式：

王玥， 白秀玉， 李強， 等. 環境熱應激對畜禽養殖及肉質影響的研究進展[J]. 肉類研究， 2023， 37（7）： 71-78. DOI：10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20230509-042.? ? http：//www.rlyj.net.cn

WANG Yue， BAI Xiuyu， LI Qiang， et al. Progress in research on the effects of environmental heat stress on livestock and poultry farming and meat quality[J]. Meat Research， 2023， 37（7）： 71-78. （in Chinese with English abstract） DOI：10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20230509-042.? ? http：//www.rlyj.net.cn

畜牧業是肉類食品的重要來源，是人們飲食結構中的重要蛋白來源。我國是畜牧業大國，畜牧業是我國農業農村經濟的一個重要支柱，是我國鄉村振興的重要經濟抓手。2021年，世界肉類總產量達到3.55 億t[1]，我國肉類總產量達到8 887 萬t，占據世界總產量的25%，總產值已經超過4 萬億元[2]。近年來，我國畜牧業生產在優良品種培育、現代養殖技術、疾病防控等方面均取得了長足進步。……