馬瑞霞 楊興元 郭銳 姜有虎


摘要:為解決河西走廊地區釀酒葡萄的安全越冬問題,調查了引進的釀酒型山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rupr.)品種在河西走廊中段嘉峪關戈壁灘的栽培表現。結果表明,山葡萄在嘉峪關地區可不埋土安全越冬,病害少,果實成熟充分,可釀造極富產區特色的有機利口酒。但坐果率低且易受晚霜凍害,產量低且年際間極不穩定,栽培發展的適宜性中等偏下。
關鍵詞:山葡萄;品種;晚霜;引種表現;河西走廊
中圖分類號:S663.1? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:2097-2172(2023)01-0030-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.01.007
Introduction Performance of Vitis amurensis Rupr. in Hexi Corridor
MA Ruixia 1, YANG Xingyuan 2, GUO Rui 3, JIANG Youhu 3
[1. Jiuquan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., Jiayuguan Gansu 735100, China; 2. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi
Xinjiang 830052, China; 3. Jiayuguan Hongyuan New Industry Co., Ltd., Jiayuguan Gansu 735100, China]
Abstract: This study is mainly to investigate the introduction performance of Vitis amurensis Rupr. in the Gobi Desert of Jiayuguan in the middle of the Hexi Corridor. The results showed that Vitis amurensis Rupr. could survive the winter safely without burying the soil in Jiayuguan area. They had fewer diseases, and their fruits were fully mature, and could be used to brew organic liqueurs with characteristics of the production area. But the fruit-setting rate was low, and they were susceptible to late frost. The yield was low and interannually unstable, therefore, the suitability of cultivation and development is below the medium level.
Key words: Vitis amurensis Rupr.; Variety; Late frost; Cultivation performance; Hexi corridor
河西走廊釀酒葡萄產區冬季低溫超過大部分歐亞種葡萄耐受限度,屬于埋土防寒栽培區[1 ]。但埋土防寒種植成本高,破壞生態環境,在極端低溫情況下并不能根本上解決越冬問題,“三年小凍、五年大凍”,根系凍傷、凍死,枝條凍裂、凍傷時有發生 [2 ]。山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rupr.)是葡萄科中最抗寒冷的品種,枝條能抗-40 ℃低溫,根系可耐-16 ℃低溫,耐寒能力遠高于普通歐亞種葡萄,完全可以在河西地區露地安全越冬,所制酒品也極具特色。山葡萄近年來在東北地區得到蓬勃發展,產量可達15 000 kg/hm2,推出的各種特色酒品,如通化山葡萄酒等,得到區域市場廣泛認可,在全國范圍內也具有一定的知名度,可能會是我國寒帶、氣候干燥、光照充足、晝夜溫差大地區的優勢產業 [3 ]。鑒于此,嘉峪關產區2012年從吉林市引進種植貝達砧北冰紅、 左優紅嫁接苗種植,我們跟蹤調查了北冰紅、左優紅在嘉峪關產區9年來的栽培表現,以評價其發展適宜性。
1? ?材料和方……